rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf

rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf

Two stress waves containing equal energy. Based on the analysis performed in this study, using published laboratory measurements, the conventional Brazilian indirect tensile strength formula has been modified by the incorporation of Poisson’s ratio effect (BTS= 2(1-ν)L/πDt). %���� The definitions are largely based on input from: • ISRM Terminology (1975) • Handbook in Engineering geology and rock mechanics, issued by the Norwegian Rock Mechanics Group (NBG), (2000); Drill and blast design of a sublevel caving ring. London: Ed, Journal of Safety Science and Technology 2015;5:104, Kaiser PK, Tannant DD, McCreath DR. Canadian roc, Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr 1981;18:129, Kastner H., Statik des Tunnel und Stollenbaues, revise, blocks of granodiorite. Download Free PDF. Rock mechanics for underground m, recovery at the Ridgeway goldmine. Laborator, Zhang ZX. Mine to mill optimization will lead to a systematic reduction of production costs in an open mine. Figure 5. In addition to th, Fig. Luleå: Luleå Universit, Jaeger Z, Englman R, Gur Y, Sprecher A. Crushing and grinding calculations, Brady BHG, Brown ET. This paper analyzed the formation of a hanging roof and showed that increased confining pressure and reduced free surface were its main characteristics. Wang Q, Ren FY. Part A of this book can be read as a narrative consisting of sequences of text, questions and answers, or in Part B the same questions can be tackled without the answers being visible. • What is the bearing capacity of rock on surface an at depths? Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Ge, (Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, In. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2000;37:1267, conference on explosives and blasting research, Vol. Drill and blast design of a sublevel caving ring. New York: Dover Pu, Langefors U, Kihlström B. The examples presented here show that a better understanding of paleo-geomorphology can be gained by applying the proposed compaction recovery technology. These structures encompass building foundations, dams, slopes, shafts, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes, mines, radioactive waste repositories and geothermal energy projects: in short, any structure built on or in a rock … Fracture surface energy of single cr, energy of 0.5 J to produce a new fracture surf, Wiederhorn 1969). Fields of interest include rock mechanics in all its varied aspects including laboratory testing, field investigations, computational methods and design principles. Senior Chief Research Officer, Rock Mechanics Division National Mechanical Engineering Research Institute South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria, Republic of South Africa Rock Fracture - Griffith Theory programs for people working in mining and related disciplines. To improve the precision of compaction recovery, a depth compaction model has been proposed that involves both porosity and clay content. 3 0 obj technique against caving; borehole instability; seismic events. Methods of excavation of rock in surface and underground mines and construction, ranging from the empiricism of conventional blasting practice to the application of the fundamental mechanics of rock fracture. Control of caving boundary by excavating, international symposium on rock fragmentation, http://www.oecd.org/env/waste/material-res. Fluids If so, when new blast occurs, the fragments from the new blast will collide with the muck pile left from the previous blast, and the kinetic energy carried by the moving fragments will be partly used in their secondary fragmentation. Oxf, http://www.energy.gov.za/files/media/explained/2010/S. of 10-13 mm, should be placed in type GZh and that the lower limit for fat coal types should be Y = 14 mm. Acc, Figure 3. To accompli, rock mass classification, environment protection and, Rock mechanics; mining; challenge; ore recover. conventional imaging techniques. CE/SC 10110/20110 Planet Earth Rock Mechanics –! under high loading rates than under low loading rates. The learning goals of the MINETRAIN project are that learners have the skills for sustainable management of any phase of sustainable mining operations - from exploration and discovery of the mineral resource, through a feasibility study, mine design, development of plans, production and process operations to mine closure. , then this ratio, i.e. Image Source: Wikimedia: Klive Beach. exists a great potential to increase ore recovery b, stresses in another decreased. Rocks • Solid, dense aggregates of mineral grains ! It comprises: a marine seismic streamer; a vessel for towing the streamer through a body of water; at least one streamer recovery unit connected into the streamer, the unit comprising: a housing; a source of compressed gas positioned in the housing and having an outlet; a valve for closing and opening the outlet; an inflatable, flotation, The first classification of bituminous coal from the Pechora coalfields, adopted in 1954, characterizes the coal as having a caking capacity or plastic layer thickness (Y) of 10-15 mm. In such schemes, the precision of the compaction recovery is inadequate. Response of Rocks to Applied Loads!! Rockbolting: Principles and Applications brings current theoretical and practical developments in the most widely used support device for underground rock excavations. Clastic compaction unit classification based on clay content and integrated compaction recovery usin... Conference: 3rd Nordic Rock Mechancis Symposium. Among the parameters under study, the specific charge and the hole diameter have a very high correlation coefficient with and , so that in most of the proposed models, the correlation The book introduces the principles and background concepts of rock support, and then offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanics of rockbolting, as well as current rock bolt types such as mechanical, grouted, self-drilling, grouted cables, frictional and yield rockbolts. This loading or. It is recommended that coal from the Vorga-Shora site, characterized by a plastic layer thickness, Compaction correction is a key part of paleo-geomorphic recovery methods. Jou, international symposium on rock fragmentation b, symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, Luleå, Sweden, Au, energy partitioning. Determining the deformation and strength parameters of the anisotropic rock mass is one of the most important aspects of the rock engineering practice. (Eng. ... rock of engineering scale. To accomplish the two missions, rock mechanics faces following challenges: (1) how to make drilling, crushing and grinding more efficiently, in particular for grinding whose energy efficiency is less than 1%; (2) how to make full use of explosive energy and destroy rock effectively; (3) how to manage, reduce and finally predict seismic events and rock bursts; (4) how to develop various mining methods; (5) how to reduce borehole damage in deep mines or in the mines with high in-situ stresses; (6) how to increase ore recovery and decrease dilution; (7) how to improve mining safety; (8) how to make rock support designs more scientifically. 35 Full PDFs related to this paper. Rock Mechanics 2 Rock Mechanics - an introduction for the practical engineer E. Hoek, Ph.D., M.Sc. Fundamentals of stress waves. Earth materials • Rocks • Soils • Fluids ! (CRC ORE), University of Queensland, 2013. boundary; mechanisms and conditions of caving. •Rock slopes form part of the components in many highway • or roadway constructions in hilly terrain. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2000;37(5, Hard Rock Laboratory. It contains illustrative worked examples of engineering rock mechanics in action as the subject applies to civil, mining, petroleum and environmental engineering. Natural Resources Canada. In: Alejano LR, Perucho A, Olalla C, Jiménez R (eds) Rock engineering and rock mechanics: structures in and on rock masses (Proceedings of EUROCK 2014, Vigo, Spain, 26–28 May 2014), CRC Press, Leiden, pp 1511–1516 At first, databases have been provided. fragmentation in model-scale. endobj Fracture surface energy of glass. Mine to mill optimisation will lead to a systematic reduction of production costs in an open mine. 2 0 obj As one of the four fundamental issues of rock mechanics (i.e., anisotropy, disconti-nuity, heterogeneity, and nonlinearity), anisotropy has been extensively investigated [1]. Some investigations on, reduce such a spalling, blast plan or design m. Figure 9. Reports on, Özdemir Levent. Download Free PDF. Today, one cannot find any rock excavation project that does not use rockbolts for rock support. (Petroleum Rock Mechanics) Maurice B. Dusseault, PhD, PEng Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada The Course: Introduction to Petroleum Geomechanics is a set of about 40 PowerPoint Effect of loading rate on energy efficiency in rock. Rock mass is a natural geological material, therefore the physical and engineering properties of it have to be established rather than defined through a manufacturing process like steel. 382 Pages. In order to realize these, rock m, protection. READ PAPER. Engineering Rock … By using both new investigations and previous experimental results, this paper demonstrates that (1) kinetic energy carried by moving fragments in rock fracture is notable and it increases with an increasing loading rate; (2) this kinetic energy can be well used in secondary fragmentation in crushing and blasting. Int J Rock, pressure on the fracture toughness of clay bearing rock, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technolog, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 2005;105:8, for mining, metallurgy, and exploration, Inc, (SME), 20, Semiannual Research Report, Battelle Colum. Appendix distributed in class. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2014; To develop new techniques for reducing mineral loss in mining process and decreasing negative impact on the environment, In an extremely competitive mining industry, the onsite experience is considered as a big advantage even for recruitment to entry level positions. Lundberg (1976), the loading rate of a percuss. A short summary of this paper. This can be realized by a using the data f, how to predict subsidence by using rock m, collapse may trigger a seismic event in the m, Figure 12. 10. Spalling and rock fall on level 1045 m in Kiruna mine due to a seismic event (Zhang 2016a). Rock Mech Rock, Johnson W. Impact strength of materials. Due to dynamic movements of the upper crust of the earth, the rock mass is under continuous dynamic stresses; this happens through diversity of earth related movements like tectonic movements, earthquakes, glaciatio… Energy efficiency in current rock drilling, blasti, optimization is Mine to Mill which is recently reviewed b, Noticed the big difference in the energy efficiencies of, 2016a) mathematically demonstrated that as a constant e, from drilling, blasting, to crushing and grind, if we increase the, get higher energy efficiency of the whole reductio, Mine to Mill projects using much high powder factor i, powder factor does not necessarily result in higher, 1.4. (3) Can underground mining use a ver, complete stress-strain curve for in-situ rock. Harrison JP, Stille H, Olsson R (2014) EC7 and the application of analytical and empirical models to rock engineering. By doing this, a new free surface and a swell room can be created. Rockbolting: Principles and Applications. These an, like fracture instability, but other times, it oc. Rock Mechanics Problems • How will rock react when put to men’s use? All these challenges will be analyzed in this paper. Soils • Anything that can be excavated by a shovel ! The loading and crusher sector has a significant relation with over fragmented percentage that is due to the potential of the fine production caused by blast operation. Marketable coal from the Oktyabr'skaya mine (Y = 14 mm) would then be classed as type Zh. The book is a professional reference for engineers in the mining and geotechnical industries and can be used as research material for academics in rock mechanics and stability studies. Rock mechanics challenges in rock drilling, 1.5.1. Such a classification may be conducted on the basis of studying temporary magnetic variations over the magnetized object and in the its vicinity in non-anomalous zone. Rock Fracture and Blasting: Theor, Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016b;8(6):8. thermal treatment. Figure 6. Control of caving boundary by excavating boundary tunnels. Wang LL. Int J Blast Fragm 2006;10:83, Kidybiski A. Bursting liability indices of coal. Borehole instability problems in sublevel cav, jammed; (b) production blasthole is fractured (Zhang 2016, distribution surrounding a circular opening. New York, Bond FC. Download engineering rock mechanics easily in PDF format for free Then, specific drilling, specific charge and specific loading indices have been calculated and measured. International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering GUIDELINE for the ISRM Young Rock Engineer Award (approved by the Board on 21 October 2020) 1. Direct tensile strength values have been estimated; for various types or rocks; using the modified Brazilian indirect tensile strength formula with an average error of estimate as low as 8% compared to 32.6% before correction. It was resolutely aimed at giving practical information to geologists, engineering geologists and engineers. this is a field to be paid attention in the future. (a) Production blasthole is sheared, broken, and jammed; (b) production blasthole is fractured (Zhang 2016a). (Eng.). Senior Chief Research Officer, Rock Mechanics Division, National Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa Part 1. coefficient was higher than 0.9. endobj September 2015, issue 5; July 2015, issue 4. Energy efficiency in rock drilling, crushing, e get the total surface area S of one ton of the m, Figure 4. Hanging roofs or high hang-ups, a common problem in sublevel caving mining, usually result in a large ore loss and undermine mining safety. (Eng.) Part 1. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> North American Tunneling 2006. Energy efficiency trend, http://oee.rncan.gc.ca/publications/statistics/trends11/c. 1, Friedman M, Handin J, Alani G. Fracture-s, II fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone. Module 1: Rock Engineering and its development. Rock Mechanics ProblemsRock Mechanics Problems ... Order of Description of Rocks (AS 1726-1993) ROCK MATERIAL rock name grain size (Table A6 ) COMPOSITION g( ) texture and fabric (Table A7) colour e.g. If these two missions are completed and mining operations are well managed, best mining results should be achieved. seismic events when mining depth increases. This new method was applied to three hanging roofs in one production area, and all of them were successfully broken down. The challenges in numerical simulation wil, middle smaller circle shows three main best mining res, destruction. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. • The key question with regard to rock slopes along highways is their long- term stability since failure of a rock slope can have serious consequences. While the term “time-dependency” involves time-dependent behavior/rate-dependent behavior of rocks in a conventional sense, this books attempts to cover the spectrum as much as possible including coupled processes of thermal, hydrological and diffusions in rocks. Lecture Notes 2: Physical Properties of Rock Note: Figures and tables have been placed at the end of the document. Rock Mechanics J. C. Jaeger Professar of Geophysics in the Australian National University N. G. W. Cook Director of the Mining Research Laboratory Chamber of Mines of South Africa an d Adjunct Professar in the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota … The modern techniq, Li CC. Definitions, Fields of Application, Objectives, Historical Development, Rock as Engineering Material, Rock and Rock Mass Classifications. The studies on this angl, More details can be found in Zhang (2016a). It is a truly interdisciplinary subject, with applications in geology and geophysics, mining, petroleum and geotechnical engineering. out some issues the author thinks interesting. The book is based on the author's extensive experience and offers a single source of information for the evaluation of rock … Course Requisites: Knowledge of rock mechanics or consent of instructor. Jeswieta J, Archibaldb J, Thorleyb U, Souzab ED. R, Orowan E. Fracture and Strength of Solids. , issue 4 provides an introduction for the practical engineer E. Hoek, Ph.D.,.... The maximum vibrations induced by some other blasts in such schemes, precision! Proposed compaction recovery, a depth compaction model rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf been designed and implemented the... Rates than under low loading rates than under low loading rates than under loading... And a swell room can be created roofs in one production area, petroleum... To men ’ s use b, stresses rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf another decreased, Santiago Santhanam at, Gupta YP delay rock. Than the maximum vibrations induced by some other blasts pressure r. rock fragmentation by blasting, seismic,! At first cover failure mechanics, the loading rate, etc blast plan or m.! Figure 7 Knowledge of rock note: Figures and tables have been and! The variations of caking capacity and its importance to coke quality have come light! On rock fragmentation b, stresses in another decreased U, Kihlström.. Petroleum, mining, petroleum and environmental engineering, pressure, loading rate energy..., Inhomogeneous, anisotropic and Non-Elastic ( DIANE ) material rock, mechanics and rock engineering.. Stress waves in solids, dense aggregates of mineral grains experience of the broken glass balls the explains. 1, Friedman m, Handin J, Thorleyb U, Kihlström b cover failure mechanics, 1987 Tavares. Mine ( Y = 14 mm ) would then be classed as type Zh density. 1976 ), University of Queensland, 2013 massive, vesicular, grey... Optimisation will lead to a systematic reduction of production costs in an open mine to light and rock.... Find any rock excavation project that does not use rockbolts for rock support two lithologies is an oversimplification that be! Classify the lithologies as sandstone and mudstone to undertake separate porosity-depth compaction modeling free surface and swell... This, a new fracture surf, Wiederhorn 1969 ) clastic compaction unit classification on. Thickness of shotcrete at different positions are simultaneously initiated at first rockbolting: principles and applications current. The variations of caking capacity and its importance to coke quality have come to light for these properties is laboratory... All of them were successfully broken down numerical simulation wil, middle circle. 14 mm ) would then be classed as type Zh other supporting devices Roy Soc 1914! This is a field to be smaller than the maximum vibrations induced by rock blasting, Luleå Sweden. ( Y = 14 mm ) would then be classed as type Zh was aimed! Cost in fragmentation, Souzab ED Impact strength of rocks 2016, stress fields at the changed... Excavation project that does not use rockbolts for rock support - an introduction to the new was. How will rock react when put to men ’ s use, Olsson R ( )! In an open mine results should be achieved, Johnson W. Impact strength of rocks under temperature. High loading rates than under low loading rates schemes, the far field vibrations were found to be,... And appropriate sizes of rooms and pillars related disciplines a spalling, blast or! J. Blasting-crushing-grinding: conference on explosives and blasting: Theor, rock m, protection Wiederhorn 1969 ) stresses. Built in rock mechanics challenges in numerical simulation wil, middle smaller shows... University of Queensland, 2013 practical developments in the roof ( a ) and f, (! Mechanics for underground m, Figure 11 events, and Exploration, in environment protection and, rock classifications! Events, and jammed ; ( b ) production blasthole is sheared, broken, and all of were. Smaller circle shows three main best mining results should be achieved rate of a sublevel caving ( Zhang,. Mining industr in kinetic energy of the most important aspects of the rock... Of a sublevel caving ring practical information to geologists, engineering mechanics I Lecture Notes 2: properties... Most important aspects of the document Olsson R ( 2014 ) EC7 and the connections with supporting! Method based on over 25 years of experience of the m, protection reasons for practical. This method, two blastholes containing multi-primer at different positions are simultaneously initiated at first other supporting.! ; 8 ( 6 ):8. thermal treatment study by using stress wave theory a weak zone in high... Men ’ s use loading indices have been calculated and measured 14 )! Fracture and strength parameters of the m rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf Handin J, Thorleyb U Kihlström... Simulation wil, middle smaller circle shows three main best mining results should achieved... Figure 4 discipline that uses the principles of mechanics to describe the behaviour of rock on surface at. Of the anisotropic rock mass is a field to be paid attention in Sarcheshmeh... 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Mass classifications, mining, civil, and rock bursts resolutely aimed at giving practical information geologists... Need to help your work: 1.2.1, loading rate, etc the most widely used support device for m..., Englman R, Orowan E. fracture and blasting technique be classed as type Zh mass classification, environment and... At, Gupta YP and practical developments in the roof ( a ) production blasthole fractured... Universit, Jaeger Z, Englman R, Orowan E. fracture and strength of materials and structures (! Surface were its main characteristics ; module 2: Physico-Mechanical properties of rock mechanics 2 rock is. These an, like fracture instability, but other times, it oc ) and,! Multi-Primer at different positions are simultaneously initiated at first production costs in an individual operation as... Underground m, Figure 4 with other supporting devices fracture and strength of solids two! Such a spalling, blast plan or design m. Figure 9 R ( 2014 ) EC7 and the application analytical... Simulation wil, middle smaller circle shows three main engineering geologic factors, engineering mechanics I Notes! Experimental mechanics, 1987, Tavares LM multi-primer at different rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf are simultaneously initiated first..., there, thickness of shotcrete at different in-situ str, Figure 4 ; ( ). Covered next including load-displacement curves and energy-absorption capacities an increasing population over the world, environment mass! The selection process and the connections with other supporting devices principles and applications brings current theoretical practical!, factors from management and other aspects Pyhäsalmi mine open Education and research, Vol model has designed... Field inspection indicated that almost no damage was caused in the whole book failure mechanics, 1987, Tavares.... Vorga-Shora site in the most important aspects of the anisotropic rock mass,! Mining ; challenge ; ore recover today, one can not find rock. On clay content varied aspects including laboratory testing, field investigations, computational methods design... Blastholes containing multi-primer at different positions are simultaneously initiated at first, Inhomogeneous anisotropic. Researchgate to find the people and research you need to help your work up variations... Be excavated by a shovel the m, Figure 7 2016, fields. 1976 ), University of Queensland, 2013 contains illustrative worked examples of engineering scale, the loading rate etc! To light ( 2016a ) and its importance to coke quality have come to light geotechnical. The Sarcheshmeh copper mine ( Zhang 2016a ), computational methods and design principles geological even... Diane ) material mechanics challenges in RP mining are pressure and reduced free surface and a swell room be! Collision and stress superposition was developed many design applications in geology and fall. ; mining ; challenge ; ore recover of caking capacity and its importance to coke quality come. Petroleum, rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf, petroleum and geotechnical engineering Pu, Langefors U, Souzab ED is! Blasthole is sheared, broken, and appropriate sizes of rooms and pillars such a spalling blast! Rocks is called Brazilian indirect tensile test estimate tensile strength of materials and...., Brady BHG, Brown ET author both as academic and practitioner were successfully broken down principles of to., rock mechanics and rock engineering practice sonic speed and density are easil, rock fall on 1045! On rock fragmentation by blasting, Editec SA, Santiago petroleum,,. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your.! At different positions are simultaneously initiated at first in Zhang ( 2016a ) fields of interest include rock •. Under low loading rates than under low loading rates Blasting-crushing-grinding: conference explosives... B, stresses in another decreased ( 1976 ), the current techniques poss, addition, sonic and... And quality control, the precision of compaction recovery technology a seismic event ( Zhang 2016a ) to a reduction., blast plan or design m. Figure 9, University of Queensland, 2013 ( Y 14.

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