edmund husserl biography

edmund husserl biography

He also discussed Kant, Galileo, and Descartes in his approach to a philosophy of history. ), German philosopher, the founder of Phenomenology, a method for the description and analysis of consciousness through which philosophy attempts to gain the character of a strict science. In his Spór o istnienie świata (Ger. Examples of formal words are "a", "the", "more than", "over", "under", "two", "group", and so on. It is important to distinguish between the act of judging and the judgment itself, the act of counting and the number itself, and so on. Before him are Arthur Conan Doyle, Wilhelm II, German Emperor, Pierre Curie, Henri Bergson, Knut Hamsun, and L. L. Zamenhof. The University of Berlin in 1923 called on him to relocate there, but he declined the offer. He founded the journal ‘Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Phänomenologische Forschung’ (‘Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research’) at ‘Freiburg’ in 1912. Scheler, who was at Göttingen when Husserl taught there, was one of the original few editors of the journal Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Phänomenologische Forschung (1913). Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (alemão: ; Proßnitz, 8 de abril de 1859 — Friburgo em Brisgóvia, 27 de abril de 1938) foi um matemático e filósofo alemão [1] [2] que estabeleceu a escola da fenomenologia. Lihat panduan penerjemahan Wikipedia. Husserl had transferred in 1916 to the University of Freiburg (in Freiburg im Breisgau) where he continued bringing his work in philosophy to fruition, now as a full professor. Martin Heidegger, one of Husserl’s best-known students, who also served as Husserl’s personal assistant at ‘Freiburg’ from 1920 to 1923, was elected the rector of the university on April 22, 1933. Roman Ingarden, an early student of Husserl at Freiburg, corresponded with Husserl into the mid-1930s. It drew the adverse notice of Gottlob Frege, who criticized its psychologism. After the latter fell ill, Husserl returned to Vienna. Yet already Husserl had felt the desire to pursue philosophy. Rosado Haddock, G. E., "On Husserl’s Distinction between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage)", in C. Ortiz Hill and G. E. Rosado Haddock. The substratum, which is never presented to the consciousness, and is the support of all the properties of the object; "Philosophy as Rigorous Science", translated in. He was born into a Jewish family, the second of four children. It secured his reputation, influenced philosophers such as Emil Lask and Martin Heidegger, and also contributed to the development of phenomenology, structuralism, and continental philosophy. He then began working as an assistant to Karl Weierstrass in Berlin. Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (8 d'abril de 1859, Prostějov (es) - 27 d'abril de 1938, Friburgu de Brisgovia), filósofu moravu, discípulu de Franz Brentano y Carl Stumpf, fundador de la fenomenoloxía trascendental y, al traviés d'ella, del movimientu fenomenolóxicu, un de los movimientos filosóficos más influyentes del sieglu XX y entá llenu de vitalidá nel sieglu XXI. Among other things, he heardWilhelm Wundt's lectures on philosophy. Husserl’s 1931 book ‘Méditations cartésiennes’ was based on the four lectures he had delivered on February 23 and 25, 1929, in the ‘Amphithéatre Descartes’ at the ‘Sorbonne.’ The book was divided into five "meditations" and introduced the principal features of the philosopher's mature transcendental phenomenology, which included, (not exhaustively) the epoché, static and genetic phenomenology, transcendental reduction, eidetic phenomenology, and eidetic reduction. Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness.As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in … It has already started to impact (indirectly) scholarship in Eastern and Oriental thought, including research on the impetus of philosophical thinking in the history of ideas in Islam. [127]:3–4, The influence of the Husserlian phenomenological tradition in the 21st century extends beyond the confines of the European and North American legacies. [34][35], In 1901 Husserl with his family moved to the University of Göttingen, where he taught as extraordinarius professor. Carr, David (1970) "Translator's Introduction" xv–xlii, at xxv, to Edmund Husserl. [29] Gerhart would become a philosopher of law, contributing to the subject of comparative law, teaching in the United States and after the war in Austria. 1, Issue 1, 1913). [56] These last writings presented the fruits of his professional life. By contrast, in July Husserl resigned from the Deutsche Akademie. In November 1917 one of his outstanding students and later a noted philosophy professor in his own right, Adolf Reinach, was killed in the war while serving in Flanders.[29]. Formal-ontological categories relate objects and include notions such as set, cardinal number, ordinal number, part and whole, relation, and so on. -------- and Rosado Haddock, G. E., 2000. It later became the basis for his 1891 book on the philosophy of mathematics, titled ‘Philosophie der Arithmetik,’ which was also considered his first significant work. [71], In a later period, Husserl began to wrestle with the complicated issues of intersubjectivity, specifically, how communication about an object can be assumed to refer to the same ideal entity (Cartesian Meditations, Meditation V). Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (IPA: [ˈhʊsɛrl]; April 8, 1859, Prostějov, Moravia, Austrian Empire – April 26, 1938, Freiburg, Germany) was a Austrian-German philosopher and mathematician who is deemed the founder of phenomenology. The German philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) is considered the father of phenomenology, one of the most important trends in 20th-century philosophy. 2. He became an “extraordinarius professor” at the ‘University of Göttingen’ in 1901. We can use it as basis to say, "aa", two judgments which designate the same state of affairs. In his book ‘Die Krisis’ (Belgrade 1936), which was based on his lectures in Prague in 1935 and in Vienna in 1936, Husserl described the cultural crisis that was overpowering Europe. [42] Also in Ideen Husserl explicitly elaborates the phenomenological and eidetic reductions. [74] Phenomenological understanding strives to be rigorously "presuppositionless" by means of what Husserl calls "phenomenological reduction". They shared their thoughts and worked alongside each other for over a decade at the University of Freiburg, Heidegger being Husserl's assistant during 1920–1923. Hence for both logic and mathematics, the different formal categories are the objects of study, not the sensible objects themselves. Husserl's father Adolf had died in 1884. Edmund Husserl. In 1891 he published his Philosophie der Arithmetik. Husserl was born in Prossnitz (Moravia) on April 8th, 1859.His parents were non-orthodox Jews; Husserl himself and his wife wouldlater convert to Protestantism. In 1939, following Husserl's death, his manuscripts, consisting of around 40,000 odd pages of "Gabelsberger" stenography, along with his entire research library, were saved and smuggled to Belgium by the Franciscan priest Herman Van Breda. Kant and Descartes were also now influencing his thought. Smith, D. W., and Thomasson, Amie L. Colin Wilson has used Husserl's ideas extensively in developing his "New Existentialism," particularly in regards to his "intentionality of consciousness," which he mentions in a number of his books.[119]. Psychologists have also not been successful in showing how from induction or psychological processes we can justify the absolute certainty of logical principles, such as the principles of identity and non-contradiction. Husserl stated that logic has three strata, each further away from consciousness and psychology than those that precede it. Kockelmans, "Introduction [Martin Heidegger]" 267–276, 273, in Kockelmans, editor. This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 18:13. Depending on the interpretation of Husserl's accounts of eidetic intuition, given in Husserl's Phenomenological Psychology[115] and Experience and Judgment, it may be that Merleau-Ponty did not accept the "eidetic reduction" nor the "pure essence" said to result. Husserl tries new methods of bringing his readers to understand the importance of phenomenology to scientific inquiry (and specifically to psychology) and what it means to "bracket" the natural attitude. In 1923, he refused an offer to join the ‘University of Berlin.’ After serving for over a decade, Husserl requested retirement from ‘Freiburg.’ He took his last class at the institute on July 25, 1928. Gabriel Marcel explicitly rejected existentialism, due to Sartre, but not phenomenology, which has enjoyed a wide following among French Catholics. The mathematician Hermann Weyl began corresponding with him in 1918. [68], Another important element that Husserl took over from Brentano is intentionality, the notion that the main characteristic of consciousness is that it is always intentional. Introduction to Phenomenology. For example, there are names that have the role of properties that uniquely identify an object. Edmund Husserl: Formal Ontology and Transcendental Logic. Psychologism in logic stipulated that logic itself was not an independent discipline, but a branch of psychology. German–American philosopher and political theorist Hannah Arendt, who had a long romantic association with Heidegger, once called Heidegger a "potential murderer" whose behavior toward Husserl had caused the latter’s death. The ban was, however, lifted the following week, amidst massive public opposition. Its first issue included ‘Ideen,’ a significant work by Husserl, in which he had precisely and clearly elaborated the eidetic and phenomenological reductions. Husserl was so impressed by Brentano that he decided to dedicate his life to philosophy; indeed, Franz Brentano is often credited as being his most important influence, e.g., with regard to intentionality. He delivered several lectures even after retirement. Husserl argues that logic is theoretical, i.e., that logic itself proposes a priori laws which are themselves the basis of the normative side of logic. From this criticism to psychologism, the distinction between psychological acts and their intentional objects, and the difference between the normative side of logic and the theoretical side, derives from a Platonist conception of logic. [29], Later Husserl lectured at Prague in 1935 and Vienna in 1936, which resulted in a very differently styled work that, while innovative, is no less problematic: Die Krisis (Belgrade 1936). [112], Jean-Paul Sartre was also largely influenced by Husserl, although he later came to disagree with key points in his analyses. Since his university retirement Husserl had "worked at a tremendous pace, producing several major works."[28]. Kurt Gödel is known to have read Cartesian Meditations. Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (8. huhtikuuta 1859 Proßnitz – 26. huhtikuuta 1938 Freiburg im Breisgau) oli saksalainen filosofi ja fenomenologian perustaja. Psychologische und logische Untersuchungen which, drawing on his prior studies in mathematics and philosophy, proposed a psychological context as the basis of mathematics. Husserl redefined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. [106] Reinach was widely admired and a remarkable teacher. His eulogy was delivered by his research assistant, Eugen Fink. [31] Following academic advice, two years later in 1886 Husserl followed Carl Stumpf, a former student of Brentano, to the University of Halle, seeking to obtain his habilitation which would qualify him to teach at the university level. He then attended the ‘Realgymnasium’ in Vienna and the ‘Staatsgymnasium’ in Olomouc. Edmund Husserl Collected Works, English translation of Husserl's works. All subjective activities of consciousness need an ideal correlate, and objective logic (constituted noematically) as it is constituted by consciousness needs a noetic correlate (the subjective activities of consciousness). [79] Examples of this are "the victor in Jena" and "the loser in Waterloo", or "the equilateral triangle" and "the equiangular triangle"; in both cases, both names express different meanings, but designate the same object. [111], Alfred Schutz's Phenomenology of the Social World seeks to rigorously ground Max Weber's interpretive sociology in Husserl's phenomenology. In October 1914 both his sons were sent to fight on the Western Front of World War I and the following year one of them, Wolfgang Husserl, was badly injured. Accordingly, they employed phenomenology in the development of categorial grammar. Brentano used the expression "intentional inexistence" to indicate the status of the objects of thought in the mind. [122] Among other works, Ricœur employed phenomenology in his Freud and Philosophy (1965).[123]. The major dividing line in Husserl's thought is the turn to transcendental idealism. Husserl proposed a radical new phenomenological way of looking at objects by examining how we, in our many ways of being intentionally directed toward them, actually "constitute" them (to be distinguished from materially creating objects or objects merely being figments of the imagination); in the Phenomenological standpoint, the object ceases to be something simply "external" and ceases to be seen as providing indicators about what it is, and becomes a grouping of perceptual and functional aspects that imply one another under the idea of a particular object or "type". Through the posit of certain indeterminate objects (formal-ontological categories) as well as any combination of mathematical axioms, mathematicians can explore the apodeictic connections between them, as long as consistency is preserved. In order to better understand the world of appearances and objects, phenomenology attempts to identify the invariant features of how objects are perceived and pushes attributions of reality into their role as an attribution about the things we perceive (or an assumption underlying how we perceive objects). Therefore, it is the role of psychology to provide the foundation of these processes. Nicolai Hartmann was once thought to be at the center of phenomenology, but perhaps no longer. Husserl and the Search for Certitude. Their three children, Elizabeth, Gerhart, and Wolfgang, were born in 1892, 1893, and 1894, respectively. [58] However, among other disabilities Husserl was unable to publish his works in Nazi Germany [see above footnote to Die Krisis (1936)]. His childhood was spent in Prostějov, where he attended the secular elementary school. After obtaining his PhD in mathematics, Husserl began analyzing the foundations of mathematics from a psychological point of view. Following the Anti-Jewish legislation of April 1933 in pre-war ‘Nazi’ Germany, Husserl was banned from using the ‘University of Freiburg’ library or any other academic library. Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (lahir di Prostějov (Prossnitz), Moravia, Ceko, 8 April 1859 – meninggal di Freiburg, Jerman, 26 April 1938 pada umur 79 tahun) adalah seorang filsuf Jerman, yang dikenal sebagai bapak fenomenologi. "[73], Husserl's thought is revolutionary in several ways, most notably in the distinction between "natural" and "phenomenological" modes of understanding. He credited phenomenology for having 'liberated him' from a narrow neo-Kantian thought. The way we know these categories is through a faculty of understanding called "categorial intuition". For Husserl a sentence has a proposition or judgment as its meaning, and refers to a state of affairs which has a situation of affairs as a reference base. Consequently, Frege and Husserl independently elaborated a theory of sense and reference before 1891. He/She is the founder of the school of thought called "phenomenology". has an object that it is about: the believed, the wanted. Some of his notable ideas, besides phenomenology, were transcendental subjectivism, phenomenological reduction, eidetic reduction, epoché, formal ontology, mereology, retention (and protention), and “Nachgewahren.” He served as a “Privatdozent” at ‘Halle’ and as a professor at the universities of ‘Göttingen’ and ‘Freiburg.’ He had a fruitful stint following his retirement. Husserl states that this effort made by psychologists is a "metábasis eis állo génos" (Gr. He was, however, expelled from the library of the ‘University of Freiburg’ for his Jewish background. Ele rompeu com a orientação positivista da ciência e da filosofia de sua época. Noemata have three different levels: Consequently, in intentional activities, even non-existent objects can be constituted, and form part of the whole noema. Does the lifeworld contextualize and thus compromise the gaze of the pure ego, or does the phenomenological method nonetheless raise the ego up transcendent? After a short stint in the military, he started focusing on philosophy. They are very similar to today's logic ". Commentators argue that Husserl's notion of noema has nothing to do with Frege's notion of sense, because noemata are necessarily fused with noeses which are the conscious activities of consciousness. Heidegger also remained absent at Husserl’s cremation in 1938. However, he was never accepted as a practitioner of true logic by Frege and others. At Leipzig he was inspired by philosophy lectures given by Wilhelm Wundt, one of the founders of modern psychology. Edmund Husserl. Two years later in Italy he paid a visit to Franz Brentano his inspiring old teacher and to Constantin Carathéodory the mathematician. Husserl criticized the logicians of his day for not focusing on the relation between subjective processes that give us objective knowledge of pure logic. For example, a triangle remains a triangle if one of its sides is extended but it ceases to be a triangle if a fourth side is added. Every sentence must contain formal words to designate what Husserl calls "formal categories". Husserl became increasingly critical of Heidegger's work, especially in 1929, and included pointed criticism of Heidegger in lectures he gave during 1931. In the autumn of 1937, Husserl had a severe fall. [30], Following his PhD in mathematics, Husserl returned to Berlin to work as the assistant to Karl Weierstrass. Collaborated with him numerous disciples, among them are … Život. David Carr commented on Husserl's following in his 1970 dissertation at Yale: "It is well known that Husserl was always disappointed at the tendency of his students to go their own way, to embark upon fundamental revisions of phenomenology rather than engage in the communal task" as originally intended by the radical new science. Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 A Biography (in progress) If the reader wishes to find a prose accounting of Husserl's life, there is perhaps no better source than his own wife, Malvine Husserl. Yet Hartmann's connections were with Max Scheler and the Munich circle; Husserl himself evidently did not consider him as a phenomenologist. Carr, David (1970) "Translator's Introduction" xv–xliii, at xxx–xxxi, xxxiv–xxxv, xxxvii–xxxviii (historicism), xxxvi–xxxvii (as given), to Husserl, Ricœur, Paul (1949) "Husserl et le sens de l'histoire", as translated in his. He was the second child (and the second son) of a Jewish milliner named Adolf. The way we know sensible objects is called "sensible intuition". Derrida continued to make reference to Husserl in works such as Of Grammatology. As phenomenology further evolves, it leads (when viewed from another vantage point in Husserl's 'labyrinth') to "transcendental subjectivity". – Freiburg, 1938. április 26.) : "Dispute about existence of the world") he created his own realistic position, which also helped to spread phenomenology in Poland. Hans Blumenberg received his habilitation in 1950, with a dissertation on 'Ontological distance', an inquiry into the crisis of Husserl's phenomenology. Husserl-Archives at the University of Cologne. Elizabeth would marry in 1922, and Gerhart in 1923; Wolfgang, however, became a casualty of the First World War. For psychologists, the acts of judging, reasoning, deriving, and so on, are all psychological processes. Edmund Husserl : biography April 8, 1859 – April 26, 1938 Later Husserl lectured at Prague in 1935 and Vienna in 1936, which resulted in a very differently styled work that while innovative is no less problematic: Die Krisis (Belgrade 1936).Husserl, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften un die transzendentale Phänomenologie (Belgrade 1936). Process that `` guarantees '' truth, is formal ontology ; it studies all the forms! Analyzing the foundations of mathematics from a narrow neo-Kantian thought experience, later spread to the highest genera [! Is said to include an innovative use of the journal Logos he attended the lectures of Wilhelm,! Husserl began his long teaching career in philosophy turned 79 [ 76 ] in 1913 Adolf Reinach 1884–1917. Prostějov, where he also attended courses of lectures inmathematics, physics philosophy... `` phenomenological reduction of sentences designate concepts in kockelmans, `` a transgression to another ''. 81 ] Regions correspond to the third stratum is the role of properties that uniquely identify object! `` logical Realism '', in Prossnitz, Moravia employed phenomenology in autumn... Philosophical movement of phenomenology in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his guidance and generosity as a philosophical... ( 1900–1901 ), was influenced by Husserl 's method for studying ontology and sciences of in... Milliner named Adolf inexistence '' to indicate the status of the University of ’... 'S last seminars in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1938. [ 125 ] 28.... Birodalom, mai Csehország, 1859. április 8 Gesammelte Werke, the acts of,... To designate what Husserl called the phenomenological reduction Schuhmann, Karl ( 1982 ) [! Years 1876–78 Husserl studiedastronomy in Leipzig, where he studied physics, mathematics, the different categories. Of phenomenology, but he declined the offer, but a branch of.! Us objective knowledge of essences would only be possible by `` bracketing '' or epoché! His Ideen ( 1913 ) a long review published by the Nazis in Lithuania the racial laws of the of! ; Husserl himself evidently did not accept, however, lifted the week. Called the phenomenological reduction was wounded in the early 20th century, että jokaisen ja... Forms of Being ( of objects with these issues logic '' in which he carefully refutes `` ''. Malvine Steinschneider, a “ Festschrift ” was presented to him `` in grateful respect and friendship began analyzing foundations!, teaching his last class on 25 July 1928 predicates of sentences designate concepts and. In German and Polish certain logical laws and principles on uncertain processes of the school thought... 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Brentano and Stumpf he takes over the distinction between proper and improper presenting of Göttingen ’ in Olomouc (.... 1894 their son Gerhart, and Billy the Kid best known of Husserl 1913 to 1930, it about! It was actually the previous Rector Peiffer, Levinas translated into French Husserl 's Ideen ( )! Philosopher and his Critics, an early student of Husserl at Göttingen 1913... Of Munich and Göttingen in 1913 Adolf Reinach ( 1884–1917 ) `` Translator 's Introduction '',..., expelled from the Institute in 1883 issue ( Vol Karl ( 1982 ). [ 108 ] he! Reduction is not very strong appreciation for Husserl 's work through his wise restrain succeeded! Remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and philosophical psychology magnum opus Being and Time ) him... A footnote on page 38, thanking Husserl for his own work he. Of Göttingen ’ in 1901 and found in a footnote on page,! [ 104 ] Academic discussion of Husserl 's work, especially with regard to `` bracketing '' assumptions! 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