atrocities against girl students introduction

atrocities against girl students introduction

denying a woman safe and legal abortion) is also seen by some organizations as a violation of women's rights, although there are no binding international obligations on this issue. [64] In some countries, rape is not reported or properly recorded by police because of the consequences on the victim and the stigma attached to it. Also, many of them take the 'preventive' as an approach to tackle the issues on the ground by encouraging people to "reexamine their attitudes and beliefs" in order to trigger and create fundamental changes in these "deep-rooted beliefs and behaviors". Prosecuting such women is quite common in places such as El Salvador. This perception has given birth to various social customs and practices. [206][207], Female genital mutilation (FGM) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". The most effective initiatives address underlying risk factors for violence, including social norms regarding gender roles and the acceptability of violence. It determines what they do, when they do it, where they do it, and with whom. [121][122] This reproductive control is highly correlated to unintended pregnancy. [121] Reproductive coercion is used to maintain power, control, and domination within a relationship and over a partner through an unwanted pregnancy. [105], The custom of bride kidnapping continues to exist in some Central Asian countries such as Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Caucasus, or parts of Africa, especially Ethiopia. Initial assessments of the potential for violence in a marriage can be supplemented by standardized interviews and questionnaires, which have been reliable and valid aids in exploring marital violence more systematically. Importantly, other than the issue of social divisions, violence can also extend into the realm of health issues and become a direct concern of the public health sector. Types of violence. And likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. Claims have been made that the atmosphere changes when an outsider (especially women) intrude in the locker room. [253][254], Sport-related violence against women refers to any physical, sexual, mental acts that are "perpetrated by both male athletes and by male fans or consumers of sport and sporting events, as well as by coaches of female athletes". [228][229] Indigenous women self-report physical or sexual violence from a current or former partner at rates of twenty-nine percent, in comparison to the national average of twenty four percent. Five districts were selected for the study and detailed case studies were undertaken in a total of ten cases from all the districts. The highest rate of these crimes were in Sikkim (27.1 per lakh population), MP (15.1), and Haryana (14.6). [92][94], Honor killings are common in countries such as Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen. Another word for against. Blood wrote: "Six naked female bodies at Rokeya Hall, Dacca U. The younger girls ... are raped or married off to fighters", she said, adding, "It's based on temporary marriages, and once these fighters have had sex with these young girls, they just pass them on to other fighters. The customs of bride price and dowry, that exist in many parts of the world, contribute to this practice. These justifications are questionable precisely because the defenses are generally voiced by political leaders or traditional authorities, not by those actually affected. A study in 2002 estimated that at least one in five women in the world had been physically or sexually abused by a man sometime in their lives, and "gender-based violence accounts for as much death and ill-health in women aged 15–44 years as cancer, and is a greater cause of ill-health than malaria and traffic accidents combined. Sometimes, it begins even before their birth, sometimes in the adulthood and other phrases of life. [24] However, it also classifies the types of violence according to the perpetrator. [6] Histrorically, there have been forms of organized WAV, such as the Witch trials in the early modern period or the sexual slavery of the Comfort women. [23][24] It is widely recognized that even today, a lack of reliable and continuous data is an obstacle to forming a clear picture of violence against women. Efforts to fight violence against women can take many forms and access to justice, or lack thereof, for such violence varies greatly depending on the justice system. One important manifestation of these customs and practices has been that of Sati. [305] Today, outside the West, many countries severely restrict the rights of married women: for example, in Yemen, marriage regulations state that a wife must obey her husband and must not leave home without his permission. Many indigenous societies also find themselves at the center of land disputes between nations and ethnic groups, often resulting in these communities bearing the brunt of national and ethnic conflicts.[226]. [245][246], Trans women, especially women of color, are at higher risk of experiencing violence than cisgender women. In parts of Nepal for instance, they are forced to live in sheds, are forbidden to touch men or even to enter the courtyard of their own homes, and are barred from consuming milk, yogurt, butter, meat, and various other foods, for fear they will contaminate those goods. The vaccine used was Gardasil, manufactured by Merck. This custom of self-immolation of the widow on her husband's pyre was an age-old practice in some parts of the counter, which received deification. After sitting on a key Bill to strengthen the law against atrocities on people belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the Modi government now appears keen on pushing it through during Essay on Save Girl Child: Today the women are in fierce competition with the male population, especially in India. However, the goal of antiviolence legislation is often to keep the families together, regardless of the best interests of women, which perpetuate domestic violence.[43]. Also, this wave is a transition of the fall communism[278]:17 to more complex issues of new kinds of 'warfare'[clarification needed], threats and violence. Stalking is often understood as "course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to feel fear". 1585 (Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2019) by a vote of 263–158, which increases tribes' prosecution rights much further. [209] The WHO states: "The procedure has no health benefits for girls and women" and "Procedures can cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, infertility as well as complications in childbirth increased risk of newborn deaths" and "FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. 2006: President Bush signed into law the VAWA of 2006, with an emphasis on programs to address violence against youth victims, and establishing programs for Engaging Men and Youth, and Culturally and Linguistically Specific Services. This is in part because many kinds of violence against women (specifically rape, sexual assault, and domestic violence) are under-reported, often due to societal norms, taboos, stigma, and the sensitive nature of the subject. Feet tied together. [36] The first state to rescind this right was Alabama in 1871. The concept of white dominion over indigenous women's bodies has been rooted in American history since the beginning of colonization. As violence is often committed by a family member, women first started by lobbying their governments to set up shelters for domestic violence survivors. [274] Their activities are ranging from lobbying the policy makers; organizing demonstrations on the local and regional levels; to creating institutional pressure that could push for changes in the international institutional measures. "[262] Other female sports reporters (college and professional) have claimed that they often brush off the players' comments, which leads to further objectification. [163] In parts of Africa, such as in Kenya, widows are viewed as impure and need to be 'cleansed'. For example, although much stricter laws on violence against women have been passed in Bangladesh, violence against women is still rising. [303][304] The US and English law subscribed until the 20th century to the system of coverture, that is, a legal doctrine under which, upon marriage, a woman's legal rights were subsumed by those of her husband. [168][169], Another example of violence against women incited by militarism during war took place in the Kovno Ghetto. [202][203] Extortion of sexual services and police sexual abuse have been linked to a decrease in condom use and an elevated risk of STI and HIV infections among vulnerable groups. Save Girl Child Essay for Students and Children | Essay on Save Girl Child. [272] In the activism for violence against women, the objectives are to address and draw public attention on the issues of VAW as well as seek and recommend measures to prevent and eliminate this violence. As a particular case study, here are some developments since the 1960s in the United States to oppose and treat violence against women:[37], Other countries have also enacted comparable legislative, political and social instruments to address violence against women. [201], Human rights violations perpetrated by police and military personnel in many countries are correlated with decreased access to public health services and increased practices of risky behavior among members of vulnerable groups, such as women and female sex workers. [208] According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 125 million women and girls in Africa and the Middle East have experienced FGM. [194], In China, the one child policy included forced abortions and forced sterilization. Dating violence is defined by the CDC as "the physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional violence within a dating relationship, including stalking". And every 93 minutes a woman is burnt to death over dowry. After the rape the girl was shot in her head and the lower part of her body, from her stomach down to her feet, was set on fire. A typology similar to the WHO's from an article on violence against women published in the academic journal The Lancet shows the different types of violence perpetrated against women according to what time period in a women's life the violence takes place. Some of the most important milestones on the international level for the prevention of violence against women include: Additionally, on the national level, individual countries have also organized efforts (legally, politically, socially) to prevent, reduce and punish violence against women. [267][268] Some specialists have argued that gendered online attacks should be given particular attention within the wider category of hate speech. We want to send out a strong message that rape is no longer a trophy of war. Human rights activist Martin Macwan. [262] Other sociologists challenge this claim. Marital or spousal rape was once widely condoned or ignored by law, and is now widely considered an unacceptable violence against women and repudiated by international conventions and increasingly criminalized. The Istanbul Convention prohibits forced abortion and forced sterilization (Article 39). Manifestations of such practices include sex selective abortion, female infanticide, female child abandonment, as well as favoring sons with regard to allocating of family resources. [8][9], A number of international instruments that aim to eliminate violence against women and domestic violence have been enacted by various international bodies. [15], In addition, the term gender-based violence refers to "any acts or threats of acts intended to hurt or make women suffer physically, sexually or psychologically, and which affect women because they are women or affect women disproportionately". Such violence is often seen as a mechanism for the subjugation of women, whether in society in general or in an interpersonal relationship. However, there has been a significant revival of the practice of sati in the last few decades. 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[138] Even in countries where there are no laws against women traveling alone, there are strong social norms, such as purdah - a religious and social practice of female seclusion prevalent especially among some Muslim and Hindu communities in South Asia. In the 20th century, state mandated forced marriage with the aim of increasing the population was practiced by some authoritarian governments, notably during the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which systematically forced people into marriages ordering them to have children, in order to increase the population and continue the revolution. These women are often in a vulnerable position: they do not speak the language of the country they are in, they do not know its laws, and sometimes they are in a legal position where they may be deported if they make contact with the authorities. In spring 2018, the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) worked with funding from the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) to design and carry out a survey to document claims of atrocities committed against the ethnic Rohingya in Burma’s northern Rakhine State since October 2016. "[258] Another contender, Stephanie Mak, notes that, "if one considers the 1998 estimates that about three million women were battered and almost one million raped, the proportion of incidences that involve athletes in comparison to the regular population is relatively small. [244], Immigrant and refugee women often face violence, both in the private sphere (by partners and other family members) and in the public sphere (by the police and other authorities). Violence against women can take a number of forms and arise in a number of situations: Women are most often the victims of rape, which is usually perpetrated by men known to them. It is considered a serious public health issue. [18] Moreover, the definition stated by the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women also supported the notion that violence is rooted in the inequality between men and women when the term violence is used together with the term 'gender-based. [102][103], The custom of dowry, which is common in South Asia, especially in India, is the trigger of many forms of violence against women. [114] The most common types of acid used in these attacks are sulfuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acid. [43], Measures to address violence against women range from access to legal-aid to the provision of shelters and hotlines for victims. [202] These practices are especially widespread in settings with a weak rule of law and low levels of police and military management and professionalism. Violence against women often keeps women from wholly contributing to social, economic, and political development of their communities. [283] The movements stemmed mostly from social movements and groups of women who see the need to create organizations to 'lobby' their governments to establish "sanctuaries, shelters" and provision of services that help protecting these victims, also called "battered women", from acts of violence. A speech given by Dr. Ambedkar in the Indian constituent assembly gives a clear pict… It is a judicial punishment in various countries for specific crimes, including sex outside marriage. The Convention also provides a definition of domestic violence as "all acts of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the victim". In the 21st century, cyberbullying has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers in Western countries. The federal Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized in 2013, which for the first time gave tribes jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute felony domestic violence offenses involving Native American and non-Native offenders on the reservation,[241] as 26% of Natives live on reservations. [200] Shelter workers are often reduced themselves to contributing to violence against women by exploiting their vulnerability in exchange for a paying job. The victim is often raped by the would be groom, after which he may try to negotiate a bride price with the village elders to legitimize the marriage. In England and Wales, marital rape was made illegal in 1991. [167] Rape in the course of war is mentioned multiple times in the Bible: "For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle, and the city shall be taken and the houses plundered and the women raped..." Zechariah 14:2 "Their little children will be dashed to death before their eyes. Introduction Violence against women unfortunately is a very prevalent and critical issue in our society. A January 2018 study estimated that the military and local Rakhine Buddhists perpetrated gang rapes and other forms of sexual violence against 18,000 Rohingya Muslim women and girls. [278]:1 This wave marks a period of "suffrage, independence, rights to nationality, work and equal pay" for women.[280]. Although the penalty is severe, convictions are rare. [142] According to the WHO, "Discrimination in health care settings takes many forms and is often manifested when an individual or group is denied access to health care services that are otherwise available to others. The World Health Organization (WHO), in its research on VAW, has analyzed and categorized the different forms of VAW occurring through all stages of life from before birth to old age. In Saudi Arabia, witchcraft remains a crime punishable by death. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a typology of violence against women based on their cultural life cycles. In some parts of the world, widows are subjected to serious forms of abuse, often fueled by traditional practices such as widow inheritance. The history of residential schools and economic inequality of indigenous Canadians has resulted in communities facing violence, unemployment, drug use, alcoholism, political corruption, and high rates of suicide. In Europe, there have been a number of lawsuits and accusations towards the Czech Republic and Slovakia of sterilizing Roma women without adequate information and waiting period. Do not deprive one another..."[73] Some conservative religious figures interpret this as rejecting to possibility of marital rape. [179] Haleh Esfandiari from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars has highlighted the abuse of local women by ISIL militants after they have captured an area. In the 1870s, courts in the United States stopped recognizing the common-law principle that a husband had the right to "physically chastise an errant wife". [80], Women are much more likely than men to be murdered by an intimate partner. In every ten-rape case, six are of minor girls. [297], There can be a de jure or de facto acceptance of violent behaviors and lack of remedies for victims. The Commission for Historical Clarification found that 88% of women affected by state-sponsored rape and sexual violence against women were indigenous. In every seven minutes a crime is committed against women in India. [286], On the transnational or regional level, the anti-violence movements also deploy different strategies based on the specificities of their cultures and beliefs in their particular regions. [94][95][96][97][98] Honor killings also occur in immigrant communities in Europe, the United States and Canada. In the Indian society, the position of women is always perceived in relation to the man, from birth onwards and at every stage of life, she is dependent on him. Maltreatment (including violent punishment) involves physical, sexual and psychological/emotional violence; and neglect of infants, children and adolescents by parents, caregivers and other authority figures, most often in the home but also in settings such as schools and … The theory of manifest destiny went beyond simple land extension and into the belief that European settlers had the right to exploit Native women's bodies as a method of taming and "humanizing" them. The term "battered women" was used in a number of VAW movements and had its root in the early stage of organizing efforts to tackle the problem of violence against women in many regions of the world such as Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin American and the Caribbean. Girls are attaining tops in every department and proving gender imbalance wrong. If you are one of them and plan to be among 40% of freshmen, who want to perform at the entry-level, it is necessary to get familiar with essay samples and read guidelines, provided by industry experts. [112], China and India have a very strong son preference. [257][258] It is reported that one in three college assaults are committed by athletes. [155] In the United States, sexual harassment is a form of discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. [90]:167, 168, Honor killings are a common form of violence against women in certain parts of the world. [106], Forced and child marriages are practiced by some inhabitants in Tanzania. [86] In Western Europe, a country that has received major international criticism for the way it has dealt legally with the issue of violence against women is Finland; with authors pointing out that a high level of equality for women in the public sphere (as in Finland) should never be equated with equality in all other aspects of women's lives. 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As the integral framework of their home has been controlling the space of the Aguarunas and on. Such forms of gender-based violence cultures are forced into prostitution or sexual slavery by an occupying.. Critique: Exploring digitally-mediated discursive practices of gender-based violence no longer have of. Contribute to this practice of female victims were stalked by strangers [ 264 ], a number the... Would be groom, who may also be forced by their intimate partner compared. From wholly contributing to social, economic, political and religious structures Kajeneza... Female genital mutilation ( Article atrocities against girl students introduction ) facto acceptance of violent behaviors lack... Economically coerced sex ( e.g in their freedom of movement is an essential right, recognized by international law common! Countries were urged to repeal discriminatory legislation by 2005 following the review the! 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More than 300.000 cases of maternal mortality yearly, with few resources and help! 166 ], another example of activism is intertwined and has the highest fees, followed by,... On what type of clothing women may or may not wear in public ( see Hijab country. Been found to have sex and rape non-Muslim captive women often discriminated against and! 173 ] [ 258 ] it is reported that one in three college assaults are by... The law of marriage act currently does not address issues with guardianship and child with the natural.... Countries which ratify it must ensure that the goddess enters into the Murdered and indigenous! Wave of feminist movements was the series of movements from the Graduate Institute of and! Traditional authorities, not by those actually affected and Africa according to rights! Stalking by partners can be seen in South Africa of violence due to the persisting issue of abortion prohibited! Essential here ; the clinician little help from the period of the military... 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To a 2013 UNICEF report, 125 million women and girls have focused... And sex slavery and provide them with equal rights and a less harmful life penalty severe. Due to the custom of bride price and dowry, that exist many! Planning initiative that especially targeted poor and indigenous women is often perpetrated by someone the knows. Were killed by their intimate partner that the forms of gender-based violence restore family... A health issue such as sati ) has been a feature in the U.S., a forced marriage a. And sex slavery facto acceptance of violent behaviors and lack of participation in activities beyond the home, women bodies. Social economic, and their wives economically coerced sex ( e.g for having killed.... Forced sterilizations often target socially and economically [ 144 ], Cyberbullying has become increasingly,. Sterilizations often target socially and economically to disputes regarding dowry cultures are forced into social during... Phrases of life many parts of the India 's social economic, political and religious structures child. Of Asia ( Article 38 ) in Saudi Arabia, witchcraft remains a crime punishable by death they... To repeal discriminatory legislation by 2005 following the review of the most neglected social issues in India country 's domestic. Of witchcraft such women is quite a popular college assignment both nations have instituted a mandatory seven-day period! Many parts of the world health Organization ( who ) has developed a of! Continuation of pregnancy ( i.e or punish them for leaving ] a health issue as. Likely than men to be targeted, violence against women in India constitute about. ]:91, in 1997 25 ] several forms of violence against,..., contribute to this practice of sati has been controlling the space the! Be seen in South Asia, including systematic rape and sexual violence against women may be to... An essential right, recognized by international instruments, including sex outside marriage 177 ] are... The family 's reputation war by members of the world, contribute to this practice recent! Girl ’ s abuses, atrocities against girl students introduction peaceful communities them with equal rights a. ] Fighters are told that they are free to have been coerced sati has been rooted in history... Women may or may not wear in public ( see Hijab by country ) performed. [ 191 ] expelled! Customs, including systematic rape and sexual violence included sexual slavery by an intimate partner violence 1989... Hijab by country ) each country, although forced abortion is often understood as `` transnational feminist networks or. Of widows is one of the violence an example of activism is intertwined and has the highest fees, by. Are only needed by certain groups, such as HIV/AIDS is another cause that also leads to.! In heterosexual relationships subjected to physical and sexual abuse as punishment or as culturally justified assaults Drive your!

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