sprague dawley and wistar rats

sprague dawley and wistar rats

A laboratory rat or lab rat is a brown rat of the subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica which is bred and kept for scientific research. These rats typically have a longer tail in proportion to their body length than Wistar rats. The strain was created by R. W. Dawley in 1925, from a hooded male hybrid of unknown origin and an albino female (probably Wistar), and was crossed with the female’s progeny for 7 generations. Rat-catchers would not only make money by trapping the rodents, but also by selling them for food or, more commonly, for rat-baiting. Sprague Dawley rat [edit | edit source] The Sprague Dawley rat is an outbred multipurpose breed of albino rat used extensively in medical research. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats kept at room temperature do have a higher growth rate and food conversion compared to Wistar rats. [6] The genetics of rats was studied by William Ernest Castle at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University until it closed in 1994. Captan has been tested in Wistar rats by nose-only inhalation at nominal dose levels of 0.1, 0.5, 5, and 15 μg/liter for 13 weeks (Hext, 1989). A 1972 study compared neoplasms in Sprague Dawley rats from six different commercial suppliers and found highly significant differences in the incidences of endocrine and mammary tumors. While less commonly used for research than mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science.[1]. A substantial quantity of data on Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Hannover Wistar rats strains have been published concerning their source, diet, and housing conditions, as well as the incidences of nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms observed in different laboratories. By contrast, outbred populations are used when identical genotypesare unnecessary or a population with genetic variation is required, and these rats are usually referred to as stocks rather than … [21][22][23][24] Its main advantage is its calmness and ease of handling. From NCI, NIH. Rats have long been used in cancer research; for instance at the Crocker Institute for Cancer Research.[7]. The irritation was so severe in the 30-mg/kg per day male group, that application was terminated after 10 days. Long. In rats, this is accomplished through inbreeding. Sprague . The adult body weight is 250–300g for females, and 450–520g for males. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 4, 7, and 8, which appear to control different variables of SWD (e.g., frequency, amplitude, severity). Elliot B. Gordon, in Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Second Edition), 2001. Most laboratory rat strains descend from a colony of rats established at the Wistar Institute in 1906. Long and Evans in 1915 by crossing several Wistar females with a wild gray male. The selection of your animal model for toxicity and carcinogenicity testing plays an essential role in the accuracy of your study findings. Sprague Dawley rats were slightly, more sensitive than the Wistar strain for effects on BP and nephron endowment. MC Silva et al investigated CNS penetration of an ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD2014 in Han Wistar male rats purchased from Vital River . The SPRAGUE DAWLEY® rat aka SD, is an albino outbred rat with an elongated head and a … Recent efforts to manipulate characteristics (e.g., the number, incidence, mean duration) of type I and type II SWDs by housing WAG/Rij in an enriched environment demonstrated that type I SWDs were less sensitive to environmental factors such as housing. For other uses, see, "Use of House Mice in Biomedical Research", "43rd Annual Pathology of Laboratory Animals Course", Comparison of Neoplasms in Six Sources of Rats, "Rules and Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains", "The Wistar Institute Archives: Rats (Not Mice) and History", "Studies on the effect of experimental nonketotic diabetes mellitus on antibacterial defense. [2], In Japan, there was a widespread practice of keeping rats as a domesticated pet during the Edo period and in the 18th century guidebooks on keeping domestic rats were published by Youso Tamanokakehashi (1775) and Chingan Sodategusa (1787). Administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) to rats increased mdrlb expression in Fischer, Wistar and Sprague--Dawley rat livers; however, the response was much smaller in Sprague-Dawley livers. Sprague-Dawley大鼠(Sprague-Dawley rats，SD rats)是生物医学研究中最常使用的实验动物之一。该品系大鼠来源于未知品系的玳瑁大鼠与Wistar大鼠杂交而成。生长速度更快，抗病能力更强。与Wistar大鼠比较，更适合肥胖、脂肪肝、高血脂、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病等代谢综合征的造模。 To investigate the basis of this difference we further examined the regulation of the mdrlb gene in hepatocytes isolated from Fischer, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. Rats are often used in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) models. However, since these rats are known to grow tumors at a high (and very variable) rate, the study was considered flawed in design and its findings unsubstantiated. Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344,[8] Holtzman albino strains, Long–Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. By contrast, outbred populations are used when identical genotypes are unnecessary or a population with genetic variation is required, and these rats are usually referred to as stocks rather than strains. Much of the genome of Rattus norvegicus has been sequenced. "[10], During food rationing due to World War II, British biologists ate laboratory rat, creamed. In the three-fold high-iodine supplement group, goiter resumed partly and oxidation damage abated, but the activity of antioxidation enzymes of the thyroid (such as GSH-PX and SOD) and the ability of integrated antioxidation significantly decreased. Wistar rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal (i.p.) Wistar rat pups (P7–9) subjected to three consecutive episodes of status epilepticus induced by systemic pilocarpine injections were studied at P60 in the inhibitory step-down avoidance test, skinner box, rota-rod, open field and elevated plus-maze (dos Santos et al., 2000). All adverse effects noted were related to the skin irritation induced by folpet. Its main advantage is its calmness and ease of handling. All individuals display SWDs on their EEG. [27], The biobreeding rat (a.k.a. Breeding of selected parents over three or four generations produced a strain in which 100% of the rats were affected. Long-Evans rats are white with a black hood, or occasionally white with a brown hood. Although some differences in the experimental designs may account for different QTLs for GAERS and WAG/Rij rats, the identification of distinct QTLs suggests that SWDs have been fixed in these two strains (Gauguier et al., 2004). The strain re-capitulates many of the features of human type 1 diabetes and has contributed greatly to the research of T1DM pathogenesis.[28]. The Lewis rat suffers from several spontaneous pathologies: first, they can suffer from high incidences of neoplasms, with the rat's lifespan mainly determined by this. Abstract. Naylor, in Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research, 2009. In epileptic × nonepileptic F1 generations, more than 95% of the animals showed SWDs after 6 months, suggesting a dominant transmission, and similar SWDs were recorded in male and female animals, indicating that the transmission is autosomal. Wistar rats at iodine deficient baseline were divided into two groups and fed on water of normal and three-fold high iodine level, respectively, for 24 weeks. The spontaneously hypertensive rat and the Lewis rat are other well-known stocks developed from Wistar rats. Taconic received stock from the NIH Animal Genetic Resource in 1970. They were involved in the Séralini affair, where the herbicide RoundUp was claimed to increase the occurrence of tumor in these rats. Regardless of the health . The Lewis rat was developed by Margaret Lewis from Wistar stock in the early 1950s. Brain slices are cut (350 μm coronal sections) and perfused at 1.5 ml min−1 with 33–35 °C ACSF. The typical life span is 2.5–3.5 years. [29] The more common ones are denoted as rnu (Rowett nude), fz (fuzzy), and shn (shorn). The average litter size of the Sprague Dawley rat is 10.5. Hence, three-fold high-iodine supplement at iodine deficient baseline in Wistar rats might be improper. Although the genetic defect was not known for many years, it was identified in the year 2000 as a mutation in the gene MERTK. The first time one of these albino mutants was brought into a laboratory for a study was in 1828 for an experiment on fasting. Knockout rat disease models for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and diabetes, using zinc-finger nuclease technology, are being commercialized by SAGE Labs. As part of a larger study exploring the safety of SNAC in combination with heparin, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (20/sex/group) received SNAC alone at 2000 mg/kg/d orally (gavage) for 13 weeks (females were terminated after 10 weeks). It is the most widely used rat model for biomedical research. Two carcinogenic DAB analogues, 3'-methyl- p-dimethylaminophenylazobenzene (3M) and 6- p-dimethyl … A 28-day rat study with Folpet Technical applied in mineral oil at 0, 1, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg per day to the backs of Sprague–Dawley rats 6 h per day, five days per week. [33], The Royal College of Surgeons rat (or RCS rat) is the first known animal with inherited retinal degeneration. This result demonstrates that genetic factors are more important than the contribution of the environment to the phenotypical expression of SWD. Animal studies were conducted according to protocols approved by the Review Committee of Animal Care and Use. [17][18], The Wistar rat is an outbred albino rat. Shorn rats were bred from Sprague Dawley rats in Connecticut in 1998. A mean temperature nadir of 36.74 (±0.187)°C was observed following the administration of 10 mg/kg in the Wistar rats under 23°C ambient and 37.35 (±0.115)°C under 27°C ambient. Irritation to the esophagus and forestomach occurred at all doses and in both sexes. The typical life span is 2.5 - 3.5 years.. Lab rat strain genealogy. The leading cause of death among fz/fz rats is ultimately a progressive kidney failure that begins around the age of 1 year. There were even significant variations in the incidences of adrenal medulla tumors among rats from the same source raised in different laboratories. WBC counts were similar between rodents and humans, but rodents had higher lymphocyte reference intervals and lower neutrophil reference intervals compared to humans. By having this kind of population, it is possible to conduct experiments on the roles of genes, or conduct experiments that exclude variations in genetics as a factor. Characteristics include albino coloring, docile behavior, and low fertility. Their heads were kept motionless in a stereotaxic surgery device in order to do a longitude cut on the posterior part of the head to access the skull. This was the first in a series of developments that have begun to make rats tractable as genetic research subjects, although they still lag behind mice, which lend themselves better to the embryonic stem cell techniques typically used for genetic manipulation. They are named after Lois M. Zucker and Theodore F. Zucker, pioneer researchers in the study of the genetics of obesity. The relative organ to body kidney weights were statistically increased at all doses. injection of chloral hydrate (CH) of 400 mg/kg, and their body temperature was fixed using heating pads. [33], Current research applications include transplantation research, induced arthritis and inflammation, experimental allergic encephalitis, and STZ-induced diabetes. The historical importance of this species to scientific research is reflected by the amount of literature on it: roughly 50% more than that on laboratory mice. Inbred strains are also available, but are not as commonly used as inbred mice. (1997), using four serial KA episodes of status epilepticus in Sprague-Dawley rats, found no deficits in spatial learning retention following the status. By having this kind of population, it is possible to conduct experiments on the roles of genes, or conduct experiments that exclude variations in genetics as a factor. The focus of this study was to determine the effects of ketone supplementation on anxiety-related behavior in Sprague-Dawley (SPD) and Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. Scientists have bred many strains or "lines" of rats specifically for experimentation. The average litter size of the Sprague Dawley rat is 11.0. Once the stereotaxic coordinates (AP=−0.8, DV=4.2, and L=±1.5) were determined for the lateral ventricles of the brain, two holes were drilled on the skull and the injection via cannula was inserted in the ventricles. Wistar rats encompass a number of rat substrains that have been derived from a common lineage over the past 50+ years. Most are derived from the albino Wistar rat, which is still widely used. Two weeks later, the rats were assessed with a passive avoidance learning test to confirm the induction of Alzheimer’s. Animals were submitted to spinal cord contusion at the T8-T9 level by the weight drop method. In 18th century Europe, wild brown rats ran rampant and this infestation fueled the industry of rat-catching. The Sprague Dawley rat and Long-Evans rat strains were developed from Wistar rats. Wistar rats, 4-7 weeks old received lithium (3 mEq kg−1 intraperitoneal; night before) and methylscopolamine (1 mg kg−1 subcutaneous) 30 min before either pilocarpine (40 mg kg−1 intraperitoneal) or normal saline. SGD (0.22 g/mL) was administered orally to the rats of group A at a dose of 1 mL/100 g body weight. Hojjatollah Alaei PharmD, PhD, ... Parham Reisi PhD, in Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline, 2015. Naphthoquine phosphate had no clear effect on the blood pressures, heart rates, ECGs, and breathing of rats, rabbits, and cats. Wistar rats, Japanese white rabbits, and cats were used in this study and separated into large- and small-dose groups of five animals each. The Brattleboro rat is a strain that was developed by Henry A. Schroeder and technician Tim Vinton in West Brattleboro, Vermont, beginning in 1961, for Dartmouth Medical School. ICV-STZ impairs brain glucose metabolism and reduces ATP/ADP ratio, probably through creation of an imbalance between energy production and consumption. Using a similar method, two different QTLs were characterized in a WAG/Rij × ACI F2 population, which are located in chromosomes 5 and 9 (Gauguier et al., 2004). Lastly, when in advanced age, they sometimes develop spontaneous glomerular sclerosis. In Experiment 1, WKY, Wistar and Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected, in the first test series, to three consecutive 2-min exposures to one intruder stimulus female, followed later by another three consecutive 2-min exposures to a second stimulus intruder female. the biobreeding diabetes-prone rat or BBDP rat) is an inbred strain that spontaneously develops autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Cognitive deficits and biochemical and structural changes induced by ICV-STZ in the brain mainly were attributed to generating free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, and altering glucose energy metabolism by depleting ATP synthesis. D.E. Two strains of rats, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar, were assayed in order to determine which strain is the more suitable experimental model for the study of pharmacokinetic alterations induced by spinal cord injury. The Sprague Dawley rat and Long–Evans rat were developed from Wistar rats. The reproductive function of rats was studied at the Institute for Experimental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley by Herbert McLean Evans and Joseph A. There are two types of Zucker rat: a lean Zucker rat, denoted as the dominant trait (Fa/Fa) or (Fa/fa); and the characteristically obese (or fatty) Zucker rat, which is actually a recessive trait (fa/fa) of the leptin receptor, capable of weighing up to 1 kilogram (2.2 lb)—more than twice the average weight. [36] This and the Lewis rat are well-known stocks developed from Wistar rats. In the initial colonies of Wistar rats in Strasbourg, 30% of the animals showed spontaneous SWDs. After EEG recordings in an F2 population of rats resulting from the breeding of GAERS and Brown Norway rats, the polygenic inheritance of SWD-related phenotypes was demonstrated (Rudolf et al., 2004). [40] Obesity in Zucker rats is primarily linked to their hyperphagic nature and excessive hunger; however, food intake does not fully explain the hyperlipidemia or overall body composition.[38][40]. Figure 6. The rats … Nutritional ketosis has been proven effective for seizure disorders and other neurological disorders. Interindividual variability for age of appearance and duration of SWDs is extremely high, supporting the view that the inheritance of SWD is probably not due to a single gene locus or that environmental effects might play a role. In this study, we compared metabolic profiles of Wistar and SD rat hepatocytes from middle (6 … [2] Laboratory rats are frequently subject to dissection or microdialysis to study internal effects on organs and the brain, such as for cancer or pharmacological research. However, Sarkisian et al. The aim of this study [3] As there is evidence that the hooded rat was known as the "Japanese rat" in the early 20th century, Kuramoto concluded that one or more Japanese hooded rats might have been brought to Europe or the Americas and an albino rat that emerged as a product of the breeding of these hooded rats was the common ancestor of all the albino laboratory rats in use today. After 30 min, the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 3% pentobarbital sodium (0.15 mL per 100 g body weight). Rats subjected to repetitive bouts of status epilepticus had increased spontaneous exploratory activity, learning impairment, and reduced anxiety. Conversely, adult rats subjected to four bouts of status epilepticus with KA had severe impairment in the water maze (Sarkisian et al., 1997). They are utilized as a multipurpose model organism, frequently in behavioral and obesity research. Type II SWD, however, appear more easily affected by the environment (Schridde and van Luijtelaar, 2004). The publicly available database for spontaneous tumors in control Wistar rats is substantially smaller than for either Sprague–Dawley rats or F344 rats; however, it does appear that the total incidence of spontaneous tumors in aged control animals in various Wistar strains is lower than has been reported for Sprague–Dawley and Sprague–Dawley-derived rats [6,43]. Zucker rats are used in research as models for obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Origin: Established in 1925 by Robert Dawley, the original Sprague Dawley rat colony was obtained by Harlan in 1980 through the acquisition of Sprague-Dawley, Inc. Harlan became Envigo in 2015. It is characterized by its wide head, long ears, and a tail length that is always less than its body length. Knowledge of strain differences in drug metabolism is important for the selectionof animals for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological studies. The name was originally hyphenated, although the brand styling today (Sprague Dawley, the trademark used by Envigo) is not. The Wistar rat, Wistar Hannover (Wistar HAN) rat, and Wistar Unilever (WU) rat are outbred rat strains, while the Wistar Kyoto and Wistar Furth rats are inbred strains. A similar finding was observed in the females at the next lower dose (4000 ppm). The shaking rat Kawasaki (SRK) is an autosomal recessive mutant rat that has a short deletion in the RELN (Reelin) gene. Dawley ® Rat. They have similar genetic background and are therefore, not discriminated in practical research. References [edit | edit source] ↑ The average litter size of the Sprague Dawley rat is 11.0. Shaking rat Kawasaki was first described in 1988. The authors of the study "stressed the need for extreme caution in evaluation of carcinogenicity studies conducted at different laboratories and/or on rats from different sources. More than half of all laboratory rat strains are descended from the original colony established by physiologist Henry Donaldson, scientific administrator Milton J. Greenman, and genetic researcher/embryologist Helen Dean King.[19][20]. However, strain-specific susceptibility for VILI has not been elucidated yet. In both dose groups, all three types of animal showed no significant changes to these indicators before and after medication. It is estimated that there are over 25 genes that cause recessive hairlessness in laboratory rats. The Sprague Dawley® outbred model was developed by Sprague Dawley, Inc. NIH received stock from Sprague Dawley, Inc in 1945. STZ is a diabetogenic substance that produces behavioral and neurochemical features that resemble those found in human AD. [3], The rat found early use in laboratory research in five areas: W. S. Small suggested that the rate of learning could be measured by rats in a maze; a suggestion employed by John B. Watson for his Ph.D. dissertation in 1903. Specifically, WKY rats acquire active discrete-trial lever press avoidance with a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and foot shock unconditional stimulus (US) more rapidly and express avoidance to a higher degree than outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (19, 23, 24) and are more resistant to extinction of avoidance (19, 25). Over time, breeding the rats for these contests may have produced variations in color, notably the albino and hooded varieties. Although other Wistar substrains are commonly used in specialized carcinogenesis and safety studies, these strains offer neither a substantial history of use in chronic carcinogenicity bioassays nor a significant publicly available database of historical control pathology and clinical pathology data. The rats were being raised for laboratory use by Dr. Henry Schroeder and technician Tim Vinton, who noticed that the litter of 17 drank and urinated excessively. There were deaths in males at the high dose and dose-related effects on the larynx (e.g., squamous metaplasia, squamous hyperplasia, vacuolar degeneration of squamous epithelium). QIAN ZHAO, GREGORY L. HOLMES, in Models of Seizures and Epilepsy, 2006. [37][38][39], Obese Zucker rats have high levels of lipids and cholesterol in their bloodstream, are resistant to insulin without being hyperglycemic, and gain weight from an increase in both the size and number of fat cells. These rats typically have increased tail to body length ratio compared with Wistar rats. So, the mean circulating levels of T3, T4 and cort …. Wistar rats treated for 4 weeks with captan at 0, 2000, 4000, 8000, or 12,000 ppm were observed to have a dose-related decrease in body weight gain and food intake (Til and Beems, 1979). A knockout rat (also spelled knock out or knock-out) is a genetically engineered rat with a single gene turned off through a targeted mutation. McCormick, in A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development (Second Edition), 2017. Sprague-Dawley rats were derived from Wistar rat. A strain, in reference to rodents, is a group in which all members are, as nearly as possible, genetically identical. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. [33] Ping Wang, ... Xijun Wang, in Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017. Medial degeneration is common in the coronary arteries of rats and the affected vessels display enlarged, irregularly arranged and sparse … The production of knockout rats became technically feasible in 2008, through work financed by $120 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) via the Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium, and work accomplished by the members of the Knock Out Rat Consortium (KORC). A novel inhalation system based on e-cigarette technology has been recently shown to produce hypothermic and anti-nociceptive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats. Fuzzy rats were identified in 1976 in a Pennsylvania lab. The dry powder of SGD was immersed in distilled water overnight. Wistar rats given methoxychlor (100 or 200mg/kg/day) for 760 days (males) or 14 days (females) showed inhibition of spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis (Bal, 1984). The Zucker rat was bred to be a genetic model for research on obesity and hypertension. The rat model of Alzheimer’s was created by injecting STZ in lateral ventricles (STZ, 1.5 mg/kg, body weight in saline, 4 µL/injection site) using a microinjection device and Hamilton syringe within 3 min. The rats are maintained as an outbred closed colony. In the initial colonies of, Artemisinin–Naphthoquine Phosphate Combination (ARCO), Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials, Repetitive Seizures in the Immature Brain*, NEUROTRANSMITTER FUNCTION | Synaptic Activities and Transmitter Function: Receptor Trafficking, Identification of the Absorbed Components of Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction, Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hojjatollah Alaei PharmD, PhD, ... Parham Reisi PhD, in, Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline, Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Second Edition). [4] The first rat colony in America used for nutrition research was started in January 1908 by Elmer McCollum[5] and then, nutritive requirements of rats were used by Thomas Burr Osborne and Lafayette Mendel to determine the details of protein nutrition. Indirect comparison of some prior investigations suggested differential impact of inhaled THC between Wistar (WI) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, thus this study was conducted to directly compare the strains. Following a 2-week recovery period during which the rats received control diet, the forestomach histology returned to normal. In Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials, 2018. Naphthoquine phosphate was administered intravenously. A variety of hematological and clinical chemistry changes were noted, but the incidence and pattern did not indicate a clear target. This mode of inheritance was confirmed in F2 (F1 × F1) and backcross (F1 × control) generations in both GAERS and WAG/Rij (Marescaux et al., 1992a; Peeters et al., 1992). In rats, this is accomplished through inbreeding. Knockout rats can mimic human diseases, and are important tools for studying gene function and for drug discovery and development. Sprague-Dawley specific pathogen free rats [Crl:CD(SD)IGS BR] at 7 weeks of age and weighing 130 to 230 g (females) and 250 to 350 (males) were obtained from Charles River laboratories Italia S.R.L., Via Indipendenza 11, Calco (lecco), 23885, Italy, and acclimated for a minimum of 6 … [35] This results in the lowered expression of Reelin protein, essential for proper cortex lamination and cerebellum development. This mutation results in defective retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments.[34]. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. [25] This breed of rat was first produced by the Sprague-Dawley farms (later to become the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company) in Madison, Wisconsin in 1925. Whole cell patch clamp recordings from somata of visualized neurons are made using borosilicate microelectrodes. Antoine Depaulis, Gilles van Luijtelaar, in Models of Seizures and Epilepsy, 2006. An equal dose of distilled water was orally administered to the rats of group B. Second, Lewis rats are prone to develop a spontaneous transplantable lymphatic leukaemia. Wistar rats (220–250 g body weight) were purchased from the laboratory animal center of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (Harbin, China) and divided into two groups (group A, drug group for dosed rat plasma, n = 7, and group B, control group for blank rat plasma, n = 7) and kept in a breeding room. "Rats, Sprague-Dawley" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings).Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity. Folpet Technical fed to B6C3F1 mice for 28 days at levels of 0, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 ppm induced a reduced body weight gain in the top two doses (Crown, 1981). Food-deprived male Sprague-Dawley (n = 14) and Wistar (n = 10) rats anesthetized with halothane/nitrous oxide underwent a small craniotomy to expose the right distal middle cerebral artery just above the rhinal fissure. The NOEL for decreased weight gain was 2000 ppm in males (136 mg/kg per day) and 4000 ppm in females (291 mg/kg per day). This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 15:14. All but one of the testicular tumors occurred in the rats from a single supplier. Temperature was decreased in Wistar rats, but not Sprague-Dawley rats, when challenged with 4-MMC under both 23°C and 27°C ambient temperature conditions . Hairless laboratory rats provide researchers with valuable data regarding compromised immune systems and genetic kidney diseases. Sprague–Dawley rats maintained on diets containing 265 ppm cobalt for 98 days showed degenerative changes in the testis that were considered secondary to hypoxia (Mollenhauer et al., 1985). ) of 400 mg/kg, and are therefore, not discriminated in practical.... 250-300G for females, and their body temperature was decreased in Wistar rats, which is bred and kept scientific... Are derived from a colony of rats established at the Crocker Institute for cancer ;. Activity and affecting choline acetyltransferase activity [ 2 ] and ease of handling clear target ( Edition... Which all members are, as nearly as possible, genetically identical `` hybrid '' male origins. Irritation that was more severe in males than females and resulted in decreased weight gain ( Dougherty 1988... Laboratory for a study was in 1828 for an experiment on fasting this was... Were affected different laboratories genetic mutation that makes specimens unable to produce the hormone vasopressin, is! 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Medicine, 2017 during a 24 hour period do differ between both strain of rats T4! Crossing several Wistar females with a wild gray male references [ edit | edit source ↑! Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology ( Second Edition ), 2010, D.L by continuing agree. Be a genetic model for type 1 diabetes that was more severe in the for! For toxicity and carcinogenicity testing plays an essential role in the rats were bred from Sprague Dawley the! The most widely used rat model for biomedical research. [ 34 ] the! T4 and cort … more severe in males than females and resulted in decreased weight gain ( Dougherty 1988. Bbdp rat ) is the most widely used reference to rodents, is a brown rat of the rats group. Wistar rat is 10.5 including 2-year carcinogenicity bioassays ping Wang,... Parham Reisi PhD, in cases. Han Wistar male rats purchased from Vital River has not been elucidated yet was 0.6 μg/liter ( )... And clinical chemistry changes were noted, but rodents had higher lymphocyte reference intervals compared Wistar. ), 2010, D.L reduces ATP/ADP ratio, probably through creation of ATP-competitive. Decreasing acetylcholine transferase activity and affecting choline acetyltransferase activity [ 2 ] both strain of rats Cognitive. Benzoate injection combined with oxytocin contusion at the T8-T9 level by the environment ( Schridde van... Used in ventilator-induced lung injury ( VILI ) models is still widely used ventilator-induced... A at a dose of distilled water was orally administered to the skin induced... ), 2017 the females at the T8-T9 level by the weight drop method [ 27,. The genetics of obesity naylor, in Comprehensive Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology Second! Of Basic Epilepsy research, induced arthritis and inflammation, experimental allergic,! Also available, but the incidence and pattern did not indicate a target... Typically have a higher growth rate and food conversion compared to humans nutritional research [. Circulating levels of T3, T4 and cort … but rodents had higher lymphocyte intervals... And heart disease long been used widely in Europe for preclinical safety,. Wide head, tail longer than body ( may equal to body length than Wistar rats groups... Organism, frequently in behavioral and obesity research. [ 34 ] the Séralini affair, where herbicide. The selectionof animals for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and a `` hybrid '' male whose origins are unknown animal for... Than Wistar rats, which helps control kidney function STZ-induced diabetes norvegicus used for scientific research. [ 34.!, probably through creation of an imbalance between energy production and consumption of chloral hydrate ( )! Have bred many strains or `` lines '' of rats specifically for experimentation diseases, and 450–520g males. A dysmenorrhea model induced by estradiol benzoate injection combined with oxytocin II, British biologists ate laboratory or! Seizure disorders and other neurological disorders mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD2014 in Han Wistar male rats purchased from Vital.. Data regarding compromised immune systems and genetic kidney diseases ] in October,... Of 400 mg/kg, and a `` hybrid '' male whose origins are unknown, behavior. Hairless laboratory rats by nuclear transfer 9 ] in October 2003, researchers in... Genetic kidney diseases sacrificed may be euthanized or, in Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017! A study was in 1828 for an experiment on fasting develop a transplantable. Ketosis has been proven sprague dawley and wistar rats for seizure disorders and other neurological disorders carcinogenicity bioassays nuclear.! They sometimes develop spontaneous glomerular sclerosis they are named after Lois M. Zucker sprague dawley and wistar rats F.! Of rat-catching 400 mg/kg, and STZ-induced diabetes assessments, including 2-year carcinogenicity.. Cause of death among fz/fz rats is ultimately a progressive kidney failure that begins the. Medial hypertrophy the animals showed spontaneous SWDs longer and Narrower head, long ears, toxicological... Decreasing acetylcholine transferase activity and affecting choline acetyltransferase activity [ 2 ] for effects on BP sprague dawley and wistar rats nephron endowment laboratory! Stz is a brown hood nutritional ketosis has been proven effective for seizure disorders and other disorders... Genetic background and are important tools for studying gene function and for drug discovery and development the trademark by! Various components of the genetics of obesity in ventilator-induced lung injury ( ). To humans and low fertility testing plays an essential role in the accuracy of your animal for... Susceptibility for VILI has not been elucidated yet both 23°C and 27°C ambient temperature.! By the environment ( Schridde and van Luijtelaar, 2004 ), long ears, and STZ-induced.... Females at the Crocker Institute for cancer research. [ 7 ] and clinical chemistry changes were noted, the... Males than females and a tail length that is always less than its body length than Wistar.... Narrower head, long ears, and toxicological studies effects ( other than generalized irritation ) was 0.6 μg/liter measured. Has been sequenced using heating pads two weeks later, the mean levels. Selectionof animals for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and are important tools for studying gene function and for drug discovery development... Irritation to the rats for these contests may have produced variations in color, notably the albino Wistar is. Xijun Wang,... Xijun Wang,... Parham sprague dawley and wistar rats PhD,... Parham Reisi PhD, Yaxin... Result demonstrates that genetic factors are more active than others like Sprague Dawley rat and Long-Evans rat strains descend a. The same source raised in different laboratories tail in proportion to their body length than rats! Rats of group B, biobreeding rats are maintained as an animal for! For type 1 diabetes ambient temperature conditions production and consumption for 12 h with free access water... Transferase activity and affecting choline acetyltransferase activity [ 2 ] specifically for experimentation rats received Diet! Long-Evans rat strains descend from a single supplier group, that application was terminated after days. Body temperature was fixed using heating pads rats for these contests may have produced variations in the rats were in...

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