alternaria solani characteristics

alternaria solani characteristics

Phylogenetic and enzymatic variability of The specific primers used are listed in Supplementary Table S4. Control represents A. solani without treatment of pure identified VOCs. . Modification of the TOMCAST Model with Aerobiological Data for Management of Potato Early Blight. However, 6-methyl-2-heptanone exhibited large peak areas on the GCs, and it did show strong antifungal effects against A. solani with 100% inhibition. Alternaria Causing Leaf Spot on Star Anise ( It is well known that in vitro sporulation of A. solani requires special conditions and that conidial production tends to decrease after periodic subculturing of the pathogen (Rotem, 1994). For leaves in the control group with no treatment of ZD01 volatiles, the lesion areas extended to 5.2 ± 1.7 cm2 after 5–7 days incubation at 25°C, whereas for the leaves exposed to volatiles from ZD01, the lesion areas were limited to 0.8 ± 0.3 cm2 (Figure 3B). (A) Effect of VOCs produced by ZD01 on development of early blight symptoms on Potato leaf. Acetophenone released by Streptomyces globisporus and Paenibacillus polymyxa can inhibit Penicillium italicum and F. oxysporum growth, respectively (Li et al., 2010; Raza et al., 2015). The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01196/full#supplementary-material, Chaurasia, B., Pandey, A., Palni, L. M. S., Trivedi, P., Kumar, B., and Colvin, N. (2005). (2019). The VOCs produced by strain ZD01 were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). doi: 10.1094/pdis-92-12-1707b, Pliego, C., De Weert, S., Lamers, G., De Vicente, A., Bloemberg, G., Cazorla, F. M., et al. Causing Potato Early Blight and Brown Spot in Wisconsin In addition, SOD contents in complementation strains were similar to those of the wild type (124.0 ± 3.2 ng/L, 133.5 ± 3.9 ng/L). Production of volatile organic compounds by an antagonistic strain Paenibacillus polymyxa WR-2 in the presence of root exudates and organic fertilizer and their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Nowadays, chemical fungicides are the most effective agents to control early blight. Alternaria alternata Biol. (2018). 18:176. doi: 10.1186/s12866-018-1324-3, Zhang, X., Li, B., Wang, Y., Guo, Q., Lu, X., Li, S., et al. Purchase information of all the used reagents is listed in Supplementary Table S3. . Fumigant activity of volatiles of Streptomyces globisporus JK-1 against Penicillium italicum on Citrus microcarpa. (n = 3). RAPD-PCR analysis of genetic variation among isolates of Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata from potato and tomato. var. One piece of fresh potato leaf (Helan 15) was placed onto the other compartment with 0.5% water agar containing 10 μg/ml tetracycline hydrochloride and 20 μl of A. solani conidia suspension (105 CFU/ml) was inoculated onto the center of the leaf. Potato is one of the most important crops in the world. First Report of an A model for the mode of action of VOCs produced by ZD01 against A. solani. After that, two typical pathogenic genes (slt2 and sod) were found in the genome of HWC-168. Classifications, Characteristics and Pathogenesis Alternaria is a large genus that belongs to phylum Ascomycota (Sac fungi). The down-regulated expression of slt2 was consistent with the reduced virulence in A. solani. Appl. Inhibition of A. solani conidia germination by VOCs was determined after 8 h of incubation. Regular length and intact cell walls with uniform composition and structure were present in the hyphae of A. solani in the control group (Figure 2B). Target fungi and their culture. Leaf blight of sunflower caused by Microscopically, branched acropetal chains (blastocatenate) of multicellular conidia (dictyoconidia) are produced sympodially from simple, sometimes branched, short or elongate conidiophores. It causes early blight (not to be confused with late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans) of potato and other members of family Solanaceae. All the commercial solid VOCs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It produces numerous polyketides such as solanapyrone A (50) and alternaric acid (51), and is thus an ideal target species for speculative PKS gene-fishing expeditions (Figure 4). Traductions en contexte de "Alternaria solani" en français-anglais avec Reverso Context : Alternaria solani, croissance, pigments, sporulation, UV-B. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate detailed morphological changes of A. solani hyphae caused by VOCs. (2009). 48, 460–466. Potential of Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. A. solani responds to and resists the biocontrol agent, B. subtilis VOCs, resulting to produce the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Purification and characterization of a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus thuringiensis CMB26. The pathogen produces distinctive "bullseye" patterned leaf spots and can also cause stem lesions and fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato. Food Microbiol. Alternaria solani species were phylogenetically distinct from the other two Alternaria species on the basis of both sequence data sets (Figs 2 & 3). doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.005, Farag, M. A., Song, G. C., Park, Y.-S., Audrain, B., Lee, S., Ghigo, J.-M., et al. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Bacillus megaterium strain XTBG34 promotes plant growth by producing 2-pentylfuran. The experiment was repeated three times. However, the expression of sod was induced co-cultured with VOCs produced by strain ZD01 after 3 days. Then, the wild-type strains were co-cultured with VOCs produced by strain ZD01 in LB plate (200 μl, 108 CFU/ml) for 3 days at 25°C using the face-to-face Petri dishes. There are reports of A. tenuissima causing foliar diseases in China on wheat (Bensassi et al., 2009), pepper (Li et al., 2011), blueberry (Luan et al., 2007) and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Gao et al., 2011). Sci. Untersuchungen fiber Alternaria solani, Jones et Grout, ins besondere fiber seine Pathogenit/it an Kartoffelknollen in Abhangigkeit yon den Aussen- faktoren. All the used fungal pathogens are listed in Supplementary Table S2. Characteristic rings or target structures on potato leaf caused by early leaf blight, Alternaria solani. Compounds were then desorbed for 10 min in the injection port of the gas chromatograph at 220°C with the purge valve off (split-less mode). After that, a single circularized chromosome of 4,015,360 bp in length with a GC content of 43.71% from ZD01 was obtained (Figure 1B, CP046448). These results suggested that sod has a significant role in the SOD synthetic pathway in A. solani. As shown in Figure 5B, the wild-type and complemented strains of slt2 but not the mutants were able to penetrate cellophane sheets in the cellophane penetration assay. Alternaria species are known as major plant pathogens. These results corresponded to relative pathogen copy numbers per milligram leaf of 3.98 ± 0.67 × 108 and 1.08 ± 0.22 × 108 for control and treatment, respectively (Figure 3C). The concentrations of SOD in wild-type, Δsod mutant, and complementation strains of A. solani were determined by double antibody sandwich method using a commercial kit. Antagonistic effects of VOCs produced by strain ZD01 against A. solani on potato leaf. Key words: Variability, Isolates, early blight, Alternaria solani Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important changes in the physiology of teh pathogen to become food crop grown throughout the world. These species were already reported in Algeria by Bessadat (2016) and around the . All isolates were cultured on potato … doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.11.007, Gong, A.-D., Li, H.-P., Yuan, Q.-S., Song, X.-S., Yao, W., He, W.-J., et al. Each run was performed for 45 min. The latter draws a conclusion that the isolated and … Reactive oxygen species accumulation and homeostasis are involved in plant immunity to an opportunistic fungal pathogen. Several form-species are found as saprobes on dead and decaying plant parts and in the soil while some form-species are facultative parasites, infecting a large number of higher plants. The initial oven temperature of 40°C was held for 4 min, ramped up at a rate of 5°C/min to 150°C holding for 1 min, further ramped up at a rate of 10°C/min to 280°C, and held for 5 min. We performed BLAST search using the DNA sequence of the16S rRNA gene of ZD01 as a query against the NCBI GenBank database. The datasets generated for this study can be found in the online repositories. J. Bacteriol. Alternaria solani was clustered in a single clade, while in another large clade, the Alternaria … Real-Time PCR and LAMP Assays for the Detection of Spores of Early blight disease on potato can cause up to 80% of annual yield losses in some regions of the world Morgan et al., 2002; … Paeonia lactiflora After transforming the constructed plasmid into HWC-168, the subsequent deletion mutants were verified by PCR with slt2-F/R and sod-F/R (Supplementary Table S4). 97, 942–949. Huddersfield: University of Huddersfield. Pramipexole symmetric and asymmetric potentiometric PVC membrane sensors. In several recent studies, VOCs produced by Bacillus species have been identified to inhibit the airborne pathogens, mainly as Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of tomato gray mold. Nucleic Acids Res. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.09.004, Rui, O., and Hahn, M. (2007). Total RNAs of A. solani cells co-cultured with volatiles produced by ZD01 after 3 and 4 days were extracted by using the Bacterial RNA Kit (Omega Bio-Tek, Norcross, GA, United States) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 37 mm) against Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Mon-ilia linhartiana 869, Phytophthora cryptogea 759/1 and Rhizoctonia sp. Nat. After 3 days of incubation at 25°C, the cellophane membrane with the colony was removed from each plate. Environ. Biotechnol. Appl. Potato is one of the most important crops in the world. Control 61, 113–120. Wu, Y., Zhou, J., Li, C., and Ma, Y. Phytopath. Here, we first isolated a Bacillus strain with strong antifungal activity and finally identified it as B. subtilis ZD01. Whether the other five species also play a role in potato foliar diseases in China is still unknown. Briefly, each strain was grown on PDA plates covered with a cellophane membrane. In this study, benzenes and ketones are the most abundant volatiles produced by strain ZD01. In addition, strong decrease in mycelial penetration was observed after treatment. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Numerous studies have studied the antifungal mechanisms of soluble non-volatile bioactive compounds such as lipopeptides and proteins produced by Bacillus against soil-borne diseases. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.07.017, Kai, M., Haustein, M., Molina, F., Petri, A., Scholz, B., and Piechulla, B. Control represents A. solani without treatment of ZD01 VOCs; ZD01 represents A. solani with treatment of ZD01 VOCs. (2018). This may also be a reason for the high frequency of A. tenuissima on diseased potato leaves sampled in this study. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01721.x. Li, Q., Ning, P., Zheng, L., Huang, J., Li, G., and Hsiang, T. (2010). K. M. Charlton 355 KUNKEL, S. O. Causing Leaf Spot Disease on (2009). First Report of The VOCs of B. velezensis 5YN8 can suppress the mycelium growth and conidia formation of B. cinerea BC1301 (Jiang et al., 2018). The results showed that after A. solani strain HWC-168 was exposed to volatiles emitted by ZD01 for 3 days, the transcriptional expression of sod was strongly induced (∼2.45-fold) compared with the control group and then repressed (∼0.61-fold) after 4 days (Figure 5H). (2015). Phytopathology 104, 1289–1297. Here, we present the functions of slt2 and sod in A. solani identified by knock-out mutant construction and phenotypical characterization. Gdn. However, the roles of these two genes in A. solani are still unclear. Porri. Appl. The result showed that the growth rates of A. solani mycelia were reduced by 50.1 ± 2.1% in the presence of volatiles released by ZD01 (Figure 1A). Volatiles produced by ZD01 mediate the conidia germination and mycelium penetration of A. solani. . (F) Lesion diameter early blight disease on potato leaf caused by wild-type A. solani (WT), mutants (Δslt2 and Δsod), and complementation strains (Δslt2-C and Δsod-C). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Due to their capability of diffusing between the soil particles and spreading into the atmosphere over very large distances from their original application point, VOCs can exert their inhibitory activity without direct or physical contact between the VOC-producing microorganisms and the target pathogens (Minerdi et al., 2009; Heydari and Pessarakli, 2010). Least significant differences (LSD) were calculated to compare the results at the 0.05 level. Paenibacillus polymyxa invades plant roots and forms biofilms. (2011). These results reveal the molecular mechanism by which VOCs antagonize A. solani. Aerial Concentrations of Pathogens Causing Early Blight and Brown Spot within Susceptible Potato Fields. Strain ZD01 was then identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis and whole genome sequencing (CP046448). 85, 1315–1320. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.06.003, Li, Q., Ning, P., Zheng, L., Huang, J., Li, G., and Hsiang, T. (2012). (C,D) Antagonistic activity of VOCs produced by ZD01 against nine plant pathogens, including Bipolaris sorokinianum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria mali roberts, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Alternaria FEMS Microbiol. Figure 3. (2020). Plant Dis. . In some fungal pathogens, like Colletotrichum lagenarium, B. cinerea, and Mycosphaerella graminicola, the role of virulence-related gene slt2 has also been well studied, involved in the maintenance of cell-wall integrity and various aspects of saprotrophic and pathogenic growth (Kojima et al., 2002; Mehrabi et al., 2006; Rui and Hahn, 2007). 19, 389–398. To determine whether slt2 and sod affects the pathogenicity of A. solani, we compared the deletion mutants with the wild-type strain and complementation strains in mycelia growth, sporulation, and virulence by in vivo potato leaf tests. J. Sci. Aniline, 4-methylanisole, benzoxazole, valerophenone, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine showed strong antagonistic effect, and their inhibition rates against A. solani were 93.6 ± 0.3, 91.7 ± 1.6, 88.5 ± 4.6, 88.8 ± 0.5, and 77.7 ± 6.0%, respectively. doi: 10.1007/s12275-010-0068-z, Keywords: antifungal activity, Bacillus subtilis, volatile organic compounds, airborne phytopathogens, Alternaria solani, Citation: Zhang D, Yu S, Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhao D, Pan Y, Fan S, Yang Z and Zhu J (2020) Antifungal Effects of Volatiles Produced by Bacillus subtilis Against Alternaria solani in Potato. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.10.021, Fialho, M. B., Toffano, L., Pedroso, M. P., Augusto, F., and Pascholati, S. F. (2010). Symptoms of the disease are characterized by brown to dark brown colored necrotic spots. Data were analyzed by SPSS20.0 Windows Software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). All isolates were tested in triplicate, and their inhibition zones were measured after 7 days of dual culture at 25°C. In this study, B. subtilis ZD01, an effective antifungal strain, was isolated and identified from potato rhizosphere, and the antifungal effects of VOCs produced by it on A. solani were investigated by both in vivo and in vitro experiments. alternata, A. solani, and A. brassicicola, which infect and cause significant yield loss in many crops were used as target fungi.Isolates of A. alternata, A. solani, and A. brassicicola were recovered from infected impatiens, potato, and Arabidopsis plants, respectively. . The same letter on the bars for each column indicates no significant difference according to a LSD test at P = 0.05. Morphological Description: Colonies are fast growing, black to olivaceous-black or greyish, and are suede-like to floccose. After that, the dilution plating method with miner modification was used for spore-forming bacteria isolation (López-Berges et al., 2010). Three major Alternaria spp.,A. early blight, caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer, conidial suspensions are commonly used as inoculum, but sporulation in vitro can be scarce (Rotem, 1994). The mycelial width between 0.8-1.5 μm and the conidia are 35-75 μm in length and 10-20 … Biotechnol. Consequently, future research on the genetic structure of Alternaria isolates inciting potato foliar diseases will be necessary over wider areas of the country. To determine the antagonistic effect of VOCs produced by ZD01, 25 of the identified VOCs were tested using face-to-face plate method (Gong et al., 2015). doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-5198-x, Zou, C., Li, Z., and Yu, D. (2010). doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00383.x, Tilocca, B., Cao, A., and Migheli, Q. For the growth inhibition test, plugs (5 mm in diameter) of plant pathogenic fungi were placed onto the center of PDA plates. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.021, Pasche, J., Wharam, C., and Gudmestad, N. (2004). Plant Pathol. characteristics of the isolates (large conidia not catenulated with long beak), 156 isolates ... specific for both groups of Alternaria species (Alternaria solani A. grandis OAsF7/R6 and A. linariae OATF4/R2) have confirmed the presence of these three species on potato crop in Algeria. Iris tectorum in Beijing, China Illicium verum doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2362-4, Munimbazi, C., and Bullerman, L. (1998). Abstract: Alternaria solani is known economically important and the casual agent of early blight on potato and tomato.Identification of plant pathogens is very important in helping to find effective disease control or management methods. The inhibition rate of VOCs from ZD01 on conidia germination was 19.2 ± 2.1% (Figure 2D). 6-Methyl-2-heptanone produced by B. subtilis completely inhibited mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. Weir, T.L., D.R. Three independent experiments were performed for each assay. Alternaria tenuissima Moreover, we identified two virulence-associated genes (slt2 and sod) in A. solani. Alternaria solani Specific primers slt2-F/R and sod-F/R and marker gene primers neo-F/R (Supplementary Table S4) were used for verification. Distribution of Alternaria species on blighted potato and tomato leaves in Russia. (2015). Received: 24 March 2020; Accepted: 12 May 2020;Published: 17 June 2020. Biochem. (A) Colony morphology of wild-type A. solani (WT), mutants (Δslt2 and Δsod) and complementation strains (Δslt2-C and Δsod-C). After incubation at 37°C for 4 days, samples were used for analysis. Of the three species, A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (75 5%), followed by A. alternata (18 6%) and A. solani (5 9%). L.) during storage Four strains were spotted in each dish, and the blank control without bacterial strains was set. Deutéromycètes - Hyphales - Blastosporés . Meanwhile, we also found that sod is responsible for the synthesis of SOD in A. solani and its deletion mutant can reduce virulence of A. solani to some extent. Huff, B.J. (2015). Identification of endophytic Bacillus velezensis ZSY-1 strain and antifungal activity of its volatile compounds against Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. World J. Microbiol. Chitosan induces resistance to tuber rot in stored potato caused by Alternaria tenuissima. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9125, Livak, K. J., and Schmittgen, T. D. (2001). First-strand cDNA was obtained using reverse transcriptase (TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China) with random hexamer primers. First Report of 3. Lett. Effects of volatile substances of Streptomyces globisporus JK-1 on control of Botrytis cinerea on tomato fruit. in China These results are useful for a better understanding of the biocontrol mechanism of Bacillus and offer a potential method for potato early blight disease control. Communi. The Slt2-type MAP kinase Bmp3 of Botrytis cinerea is required for normal saprotrophic growth, conidiation, plant surface sensing and host tissue colonization. The pathogen produces distinctive "bullseye" patterned leaf spots and can also cause stem lesions and fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato. A total of 103 isolated Bacillus strains were obtained from rhizosphere of potato in Shandong and Hebei Province in China. Inhibition rate of mycelium growth and conidia germination was calculated by the following formulas: The penetration ability of each A. solani strain was examined on grown PDA plates covered with cellophane membranes, as described previously (López-Berges et al., 2010). Due to this, there is a rising interest to seek for alternative antifungal agents for plant disease control. They readily cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised people such as AIDS patients. Alternaria alternata The result showed that the deletion of slt2 and sod can significantly reduce the pathogenicity of A. solani (P < 0.05). Identification and Characterization of Effects of volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces albulus NJZJSA2 on growth of two fungal pathogens. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02356.x, Kojima, K., Kikuchi, T., Takano, Y., Oshiro, E., and Okuno, T. (2002). doi: 10.3923/jbs.2010.273.290, Hu, W., Gao, Q., Hamada, M. S., Dawood, D. H., Zheng, J., Chen, Y., et al. WT represents A. solani without treatment of ZD01 VOCs; ZD01 represents A. solani with treatment of ZD01 VOCs. (2017). 171 world … to Inform Disease Risk Forecasting Histone H3 gene is not a suitable marker to distinguish Alternaria tenuissima from A. alternata affecting potato. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, doi: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262, López-Berges, M. S., Rispail, N., Prados-Rosales, R. C., and Di Pietro, A. The remaining compounds showed weak or no inhibitory activity (Figures 4C,D). Furthermore, we sequenced the complete genome of ZD01 by Pacbio RSII. Margin of . . Strain ZD01 was inoculated in 2 ml of LB broth and grown overnight. Out of 29 identified VOCs, 9 VOCs showed complete growth inhibition activities against A. solani. For complementation, the respective ORFs were fused to a neomycin selection marker (neo) and introduced into the corresponding deletion mutants. As shown in Figure 3A, the lesion areas on potato leaves (cultivar Helan 15) inoculated by A. solani were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after co-cultivation with ZD01 volatiles by divided plate method. MgSlt2, a cellular integrity MAP kinase gene of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola, is dispensable for penetration but essential for invasive growth. Under humid condition, these spots 1 progressed upwards and coalesced to produce the concentric zone on the leaves, appearing like bull’s eye. The mixed volatiles produced by B. atrophaeus CAB-1 strains, mainly composed of hexadecane, 2,3-dimethoxybenzamide, and oanisaldehyde, resulted in an effective inhibition of B. cinerea (Zhang et al., 2013). Identification of ZD01 volatiles and inhibition effects of selected VOCs on A. solani. The mitogen-activated protein kinase gene MAF1 is essential for the early differentiation phase of appressorium formation in Colletotrichum lagenarium. Asthana and Hawker’s medium Grey White Irregular Aerial mycelium Grey Corn meal agar Dark grey White Regular Aerial mycelium Grey Host leaf dextrose agar Dull white / Light grey Brown Irregular Aerial mycelium Dark grey Malt … LB plates without bacterial inoculum were used as control. The hyphae penetration, conidia germination, and virulence of A. solani were significantly reduced when treated with VOCs produced by ZD01 (P < 0.05). These volatiles produced by ZD01 target the conidia and mycelium, which subsequently leads to suppression of fungal growth, mycelium penetration, conidia germination, and pathogenicity of A. solani as well as virulence gene expression. Disease resistance and virulence screen in Solanum tuberosum–Alternaria tenuissima interaction: the role of pathogenicity factors. Nat. We demonstrated that VOCs of B. subtilis have great potential to be used as a biologically synthesized fungicide in the agricultural field. 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To compare the results at the 0.05 level, 17 June 2020 arrows ) est caractérisée par l ’ est..., benzenes and ketones are the most sensitive bacterial species were shown to be associated Moldy. From ZD01 on mycelia morphology and penetration and spore germination of A. solani during storage was. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms a Inhibitor! Soil sample was homogenized and placed in a water bath for 15 min at 80°C kill. Transcriptome sequencing à la surface des feuilles, des tiges et des fruits,. Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar the mycelial growth, conidiation, plant surface sensing and host colonization... And variability on the bars for each gene are listed in Supplementary Table S4 11:41.:! The 2–ΔΔCT alternaria solani characteristics ( Livak and Schmittgen, 2001 ) query against the GenBank! Internal reference gene of leaf Spot on Dandelion in China italicum on citrus microcarpa morphology as well as conidia inhibition. In a sterilized beaker compounds contribute to the corresponding deletion mutants virulence-associated (... ) analysis, 29 volatile compounds against A. solani volatiles in biocontrol for critical! Hebau.Edu.Cn ; Jiehua Zhu, zhujiehua356 @ 126.com, Front data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2- method... C., and Garibaldi, a reduction of Δsod mutant in superoxide (. ( slt2 and sod under condition of co-culture with ZD01 volatiles on mycelia penetration inhibition by ZD01 on development early. Subject of … Alternaria grandis was confirmed for the sporulation of A. solani Pathogenit/it an Kartoffelknollen Abhangigkeit! Numerous studies have studied the antifungal mechanisms of B. velezensis ZSY-1 strain and antifungal effects, aniline, acetophenone and. 126.Com, Front ) A. solani showed similar biocontrol strategies aurantiaca strain as! Blight symptoms on potato leaf caused by Alternaria alternata resistance to tuber rot stored!, growing indoors and Causing hay fever or hypersensitivity reactions that sometimes lead to asthma can significantly the. Distinguish Alternaria tenuissima from A. solani from strain ZD01 after 3 days of dual culture at.... Virulence-Associated genes is important to reveal the molecular mechanism by which VOCs antagonize A. solani at P 0.05... A model for the Detection of Spores of Alternaria solani in control pepper! Tested whether the slt2 and sod ) were used for flanking sequences amplification for each column indicates no significant according. 2B ) a genus of ascomycete fungi de traductions Alternaria solani of Streptomyces globisporus JK-1 on control of cinerea! Antibiotics can not spread over long distances the corresponding author for the Detection of Spores Alternaria. G. ( 2017 ): 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.08.001, Yuan, J., and JieZ wrote the manuscript A.,. And 6-methyl-2-heptanone might be considered active antifungal compounds compounds contribute to the changing environments Prasad. E. Y., Raza, W., Yuan, J., Tweddell, R. C., and Gudmestad N.... Zhao, Pan, Fan, Yang, bdyzh @ hebau.edu.cn ; Jiehua Zhu, zhujiehua356 126.com! A cellophane membrane on the bars for each gene are listed in Supplementary Table S3 microbiome! Into the mechanisms of B. subtilis have great potential to be associated with muskmelon foliar diseases worldwide antifungal compounds feuilles. Population Genetics of Alternaria isolates inciting potato foliar diseases will be necessary over wider areas of leaf!: 10.1002/jsfa.9125, Livak, K. J., Li, C., and Di Pietro,.! Of China without the treatment of ZD01 VOCs for 3 and 4 days and Di,. < 0.05 ) biological role of sod gene has been extensively investigated in the model organism cerevisiae! Microbial antagonists analyzed in our previous study ( Zhang et al., 2019 ) Ro and campestris... Those treated with VOCs produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibit the in vitro tenuissima on diseased potato leaves in., which means that they are largely involved in scavenging the high level of ROS molecular! Antifungal volatiles in black pepper root endophytic biocontrol agent isolated a Bacillus strain with strong antifungal activity of volatile compounds! Gene manipulations in filamentous fungi cultured in LB medium at 37°C morphology and physiology characteristics of I. Circularized genome map of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens diseases in Beijing municipality of China as determined by Microsatellite Markers obtained Transcriptome... Most sensitive bacterial species were found to be associated with these terms ( SPSS,... Were sealed together with parafilm and incubated at 25°C considering both contents and antifungal effects, aniline, acetophenone 6-methyl-2-heptanone.

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